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BI 234 Microbiology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

More than half of all antibiotics and semisynthetic drugs come from which of the following genera:

A

Streptomyces

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2
Q

Which of the following is the result of the action of cell wall inhibiting drugs?

A

Cells become more susceptible to osmotic pressure.

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3
Q

B-lactam antibiotics have an effect on which of the following types of cells?

A

bacterial cells

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4
Q

Semisynthetic drugs represent all of the following improvements except:

A

they work faster

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5
Q

Which of the following is a drug that specifically targets cell walls that contain arabinogalactan-mycolic acid?

A

Isoniazid

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6
Q

All of the following drugs affect the proper function of the ribosome expcept

A

polymyxin

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7
Q

All of the following are targets of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis except:

A

Interference with alanine-alanine bridges.

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8
Q

The scientist who coined the term “antibiotic” was

A

Fleming.

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9
Q

The most limited group of antimicrobial agents is the Blank drugs.

A

antiviral

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10
Q

Another term for the kirby-bauer test is the

A

diffusion susceptibility test

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11
Q

Which of the following is not true of inhibition?

A

The larger the zone the more resistant the organism is

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12
Q

Which of the following groups of drugs can become incorporated into the bones and teeth of a fetus

A

tetracyclines

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13
Q

All of the following are potentially serious side effects associated with, or caused by, antimicrobial drugs except

A

Blach hairy tongue

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14
Q

All of the following statements concerining development of antibiotic resistance are true except

A

resistant cells grow more efficiently and quickly that susceptible cells

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15
Q

B-lactamase production is an example of which of the following type of resistance

A

inactivation of the drug

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16
Q

proboicts

A

A,B, and C are correct

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17
Q

Most drugs that inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall act by

A

preventing the cross-linkage of NAM subunits

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18
Q

the type of atimicrobial drug that would be least toxic to humans is a drug that

A

inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall

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19
Q

Which of the following wok by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis?

A

Bothe A and B are correct

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20
Q

Sufonamides

A

A, B, and C are correct

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21
Q

Which of the following pathways is specifically inhibited by sulfonamides?

A

The conversion of PABA to dihydrofolic acid

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22
Q

Which of the following drugs inhibits nucleic acid synthesis specifically in prokaryotes?

A

quinolones

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23
Q

The cooperative activity of drugs such as B-lactam antibiotics and clavulanic acid, a B-lactamase

A

synergism

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24
Q

Alterations in the structure of which of the following are an important aspect of gram-negative bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs?

A

porins

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25
Q

It is inappropriate to prescribe antibacterial agents to treat colds or flu because

A

these diseases are caused by viruses

26
Q

Put the following events in order, from earliest to latest:

A

I, III, IV, II

27
Q

Which of the following is/are true of selective toxicity

A

Both A and C are correct

28
Q

All of the following are possible consequences of inappropriate antibiotic therapy except:

A

increased microbial antagonism

29
Q

The E test determines which of the following

A

Both A and C are correct

30
Q

All of the following are criteria by which all antimicrobial agents can be evaluated except:

A

their activity against cell walls

31
Q

All of the following are examples of B-lactam drugs except:

A

Vancomycin

32
Q

All of the following types of drugs are examples of antimetabolic agents except

A

chemicals that inhibit DNA gyrase

33
Q

Which of the following is a measurement associated with the broth dilution that?

A

lack of turbidity

34
Q

An infection, of which of the following organs would be harder to treat with antimicrobial drugs?

35
Q

Disruption of the normal microbiota can result in infections caused by which of the follwoing microbes?

A

Both B and C are correct

36
Q

Any drug that acts against a disease is called an blank agent

A

Chemotherapeutic

37
Q

Blank means that a given antimicrobial agent is more toxic to a pathogen that to the host being treated.

A

Selective toxicity

38
Q

Antimicrobial agents that mimic the chemical structure of DNA building blocks are called

A

Nucleotide analogs

39
Q

A blank drug is effective against a wide variety of pathogens

A

broad-spectrum

40
Q

Blank are serious secondary infections that result from the killing of the normal microbiota

A

Super infections

41
Q

Competition between beneficial microbes and potential pathogens is called blank

A

Microbial antagonism

42
Q

An blank concentration of a drug is one at which microbes survive, but are not able to grow and reproduce.

A

bacteriostatic

43
Q

Internal infections can be treated by drugs that are administered orally, intravenously, or blank

A

intra musculary

44
Q

Some bacteria develop resistance to groups of drugs because the drugs are all structurally similar to each other: this is a phenomenon known as blank?

A

cross resistance

45
Q

Blank drugs are semisynthetic drugs developed to combat resistance against an existing drug.

A

second-generation

46
Q

Drugs that slow down bacterial growth would be blank to penicillin.

A

antagonistic

47
Q

External infections can be treated by blank administration, in which a drug is applied directly to the site of infection.

A

topical/local

48
Q

The abbreviation blank stands for the smallest amount of a drug that will inhibit the growth and reproduction of a pathogen.

49
Q

Sulfonamides are an example of a type of antimicrobial drug know as a blank because they inhibit certain chemical reactions within bacterial cells.

A

antimetabolic agent

50
Q

Parziquantel alters the cell membrane permeability of blank

A

parasitic worms

51
Q

All antimicrobials are chemotherapeutic agents, but not all chemotherapeutic agents are intimicroials

52
Q

Antisense nucleic acids are designed to has no side effects against humans.

53
Q

B-lactam drugs act by inhibiting formation of the cell membrane.

54
Q

Because all cells engage in protein synthesis, there are few antimicrobial drugs that selectively inhibit this process.

55
Q

Many antimicrobial drugs that affect the cell membrane are used only externally because they can be toxic to humans.

56
Q

Drugs that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis include quinolones, refampin, and actinomycin.

57
Q

the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria enables many antimicrobial drugs to enter the cell more easily

58
Q

if a subculture of an MIC test grows in an MBC test, the concentration of the drug was bactericidal

59
Q

Brain and spinal cord infections are difficult to treat because most antimicrobial drugs cannot diffuse out of the blood into these organs

60
Q

Organs that are commonly affected by drug toxicity include the kidneys and the liver

BI 234 Microbiology (8 decks)

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