Chapter 16 Flashcards
Antigens are
specific molecules, or parts of molecules, that the body recognizes as foreign.
Adaptive immunity is sometimes also called acquired immunity. Which of the following statements provides a basis for the alternative name?
To become activated, lymphocytes require exposure to the antigenic determinant for which they are specific.
Which of the following produces an exogenous antigen?
a bacterium outside a cell
Which of the following statements about lymphocytes is FALSE?
B and T lymphocytes can be differentiated under the microscope.
Large accumulations of young self-tolerant lymphocytes conducting surveillance for specific antigenic determinants are found in
the MALT and lymph nodes.
Which of the following is NOT included in the MALT?
the spleen
The designation “B” for B lymphocytes comes from the
bone marrow where these cells are produced.
You step on something in the yard and get a puncture wound that does not bleed freely. Antigens from any microbes that entered the wound will most likely end up in the
lymph nodes of the groin.
The type of immunoglobulin that forms a pentamer is
IgM.
Which of the following statements concerning the chemical structure of an antibody is FALSE?
The heavy and light chains are connected by hydrogen bonds
The Fc portion of an antibody is formed by
the lower portions of the heavy chains.
The humoral immune response is attributed to the action of
B lymphocytes.
Which of the following statements regarding antibody function is FALSE?
They can penetrate host cells to bind intracellular antigens.
Secretory IgA antibodies are unique because they
are connected with J chains and short polypeptides to form dimers.
The most prevalent type of antibody in the blood is
IgG.
Which of the following function in agglutination?
IgA and IgG antibodies
Which of the following statements concerning B cell receptors (BCRs) is FALSE?
They are formed in response to an encounter with an antigen.
Which of the following statements about T lymphocytes is FALSE?
There are fewer types of T cell receptors than B cell receptors, and therefore the T lymphocyte cannot react with as many types of antigens.
Which of the following cytokines act as a signal between leukocytes?
interleukins
Under normal situations the lymphocytes do NOT develop an immune response against autoantigens because
Lymphocytes that bind to autoantigens undergo apoptosis.
Which of the following statements about helper T cells is FALSE?
They cannot be distinguished from other T lymphocytes.
Major histocompatibility antigens are
glycoproteins found in the cytoplasmic membranes of most vertebrate animal cells.
Which of the following statements concerning specific immunity is FALSE?
It changes little with repeated exposure to the same pathogen.
The major histocompatibility antigens are coded for by genes on which chromosome number?
6
Class II MHC (major histocompatibility antigens) are found on
professional antigen-presenting cells.
Which of the following molecules would contain T-independent antigens?
polysaccharides
Which of the following recognizes and binds to MHC II antigens and helps stabilize the binding of antigenic determinants to T cell receptors?
CD4
Which of the following statements concerning plasma cells is FALSE?
They live a long time and function as memory cells.
Enhanced immune responses to subsequent exposures to an antigen to which the body has already been exposed are known as
memory responses.
Which of the following statements regarding the cell-mediated immune response is true?
A single cytotoxic T lymphocyte can kill many target cells.
The protozoan that causes malaria is an intracellular parasite of red blood cells (RBCs). An adaptive immune response to this parasite is problematic because
red blood cells do not produce MHC and therefore do not display the fact that they have been infected by presenting antigen.
The perforin-granzyme pathway involves
the synthesis of special cell-killing proteins that act on infected or abnormal cells.
The immunological synapse refers to the
interaction between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell to produce a specialized contact area for communication between these cells.
What type of immunity is produced by the body when a person gets a disease?
naturally acquired active immunity
A sick child may have influenza or RSV. These virus infections have different treatment options so the physician requests antibody titer tests. The results are as follows: anti-influenza antibodies are primarily IgM, and anti-RSV antibodies are all IgA and IgG. Which of the following is the most appropriate interpretation?
The child currently has influenza and has previously been exposed to RSV.
