CHAPTER 10

Question 1

BIOME

Answer 1

A large, relatively distinct terrestrial region with similar climate, soil, plants, and animals, regardless of where it occurs in the world.

Question 2

BOREAL FOREST

Answer 2

A region of coniferous forest (such as pine, spruce, and fir) in the Northern Hemisphere; located just south of the tundra. Also calledtaiga.

Question 3

CHAPARRAL

Answer 3

A biome with mild, moist winters and hot, dry summers; vegetation is typically small-leaved evergreen shrubs and small trees.

Question 4

DESERT

Answer 4

A biome in which the lack of precipitation limits plant growth; deserts are found in both temperate and tropical regions.

Question 5

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

Answer 5

The process of community development over time, which involves species in one stage being replaced by different species.

Question 6

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Answer 6

Important environmental benefits, such as clean air to breathe, clean water to drink, and fertile soil in which to grow crops, that the natural environment provides.

Question 7

ESTUARY

Answer 7

A coastal body of water, partly surrounded by land, with access to the open ocean and a large supply of fresh water from a river.

Question 8

EVOLUTION

Answer 8

The cumulative genetic changes in populations that occur during successive generations.

Question 9

FLOWING-WATER ECOSYSTEM

Answer 9

A freshwater ecosystem such as a river or stream in which water flows in a current.

Question 10

FRESHWATER WETLANDS

Answer 10

Lands that shallow fresh water covers for at least part of the year; wetlands have a characteristic soil and water- tolerant vegetation.

Question 11

NATURAL SELECTION

Answer 11

The tendency of better-adapted individuals–those with a combination of genetic traits best suited to environmental conditions–to survive and reproduce, increasing their proportion in the population.

Question 12

SAVANNA

Answer 12

A tropical grassland with widely scattered trees or clumps of trees.

Question 13

STANDING-WATER ECOSYSTEM

Answer 13

A body of fresh water surrounded by land and whose water does not flow; a lake or a pond.

Question 14

TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST

Answer 14

A forest biome that occurs in temperate areas where annual precipitation ranges from about 75 cm to 150 cm (30 to 60 in).

Question 15

TEMPERATE RAIN FOREST

Answer 15

A coniferous biome with cool weather, dense fog, and high precipitation.

Question 16

TROPICAL RAIN FOREST

Answer 16

A lush, species-rich forest biome that occurs where the climate is warm and moist throughout the year.

Question 17

TUNDRA

Answer 17

The treeless biome in the far north that consists of boggy plains covered by lichens and mosses; it has harsh, cold winters and extremely short summers.