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Biology 20 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

A

The autonomic nervous system regulates the diameter of arterioles by stimulating the smooth muscles with nerve impulses.

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2
Q

What is vasoconstriction and what is an example of it?

A

Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels, allowing less blood in the tissues. Example: turning white when frightened.

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3
Q

What is vasodilation and what is an example of it?

A

Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels, allowing more blood to the tissues. Example: blushing.

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4
Q

What are three diseases if the arteries?

A
  1. Atherosclerosis: a degeneration of blood vessels caused by the accumulation of fat deposits in the inner wall.
  2. Arteriosclerosis: a group of disorders that cause the blood vessels to thicken, harden, and lose their elasticity.
  3. Aneurysm: a bulge that forms in the wall of a weakened blood vessel, usually an artery. Can eventually burst.
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5
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Capillaries are the sites of fluid and gas exchange between blood and body cells.

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6
Q

What do valves do?

A

Valves prevent blood from flowing backward.

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7
Q

How does blood get to the heart?

A

Blood gets to the heart through the veins. Muscles contract to push against the vein, forcing blood through the valve, to the heart.

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8
Q

What is a common vein disorder?

A

Varicose veins: venous blood pools in the veins, damaging the valves and veins become larger and bulge.

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9
Q

What is the pericardium if the heart?

A

The pericardium is a fluid filled membrane that surrounds the heart, preventing friction.

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10
Q

What is the difference between the pulmonary circulatory system and the systemic circulatory system?

A

The difference is that the pulmonary system receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs and the systemic system receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the cells of the body.

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11
Q

What are the functions of the atria and the ventricles?

A

Atria: thin walled chambers of the heart that relieve blood from veins.
Ventricles: muscular, think walled chambers of the heart that deliver blood to the arteries.

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12
Q

What do the AV valves and semilunar valves have in common?

A

They both prevent blood from flowing back into the chambers.

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13
Q

What is an angina? What fixes this?

A

An angina is when coronary arteries become blocked, not enough oxygen reaches the heart muscle and can cause chest pain. A coronary bypass operation involves removing a vein from another part of a patient’s body and grafting it to the heart.

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14
Q

What is cardiac catheterization?

A

Cardiac catheterization is a technique used to detect coronary artery blockage. A catheter is pushed through an artery from the groin to the aorta and into the heart. Dye is then injected into the catheter to show the flow of blood and detect any blockages.

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15
Q

What is angioplasty?

A

Angioplasty is when a tiny balloon is attached to the catheter so that it can be inflated to open up the blocked blood vessel.

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16
Q

What Do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems do?

A

They conduct impulses from the brain to the SA node.

17
Q

What is the sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node?

A

Sinoatrial node: a bundle of specialized nerves in the right atrium that sets the rhythm of the heart.
Atrioventricular node: conducts nerve impulses through 2 large nerve fibres (purkinie fibres) through the septum to the ventricles.

18
Q

What are the heart sounds caused by?

A

The sounds are caused by closing of heart valves.

19
Q

What is diastole and systole?

A

Diastole: relaxation (dilation) of the heart, during which the atria fill with blood.
Systole: contraction of the heart, during which blood is pushed out of the heart.

20
Q

List three heart medications.

A

Foxglove, Nitroglycerine, and Beta Blockers.

21
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

Strike volume is the quantity of blood pumped with each beat of the heart. The average stroke volume of a person at rest is 70mL/beat.

22
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped from the heart each minute. The formula for cardiac output is:
Cardiac output=stroke volume x heart rate

23
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

Blood pressure is the force of the blood on the walls of the arteries.

24
Q

What is the device used to measure blood pressure called?

A

The device is called a sphygmomanometer.

25
Q

What is hypertension and what is it caused by?

A

Hypertension is another word for high blood pressure. It is caused by increased resistance to blood flow, which results in a sustained increase in blood pressure.

26
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, veins, and capillaries.

27
Q

What is filtration in capillary fluid exchange?

A

Filtration is when water leaks out of the capillaries and into the surrounding tissue.

28
Q

What is extracellular fluid (ECF)?

A

ECF is fluid that occupies the spaces between cells and tissues, includes plasma.

29
Q

How does capillary fluid exchange work?

A

How it works is water moves out of the arterioles due to high osmotic pressure, then water is absorbed into the venules due to low osmotic pressure.

30
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

The function of the lymphatic system is to pick up the proteins that leaked from the capillaries to the tissue spaces.

31
Q

What is the function of lymph vessels?

A

The function of lymph vessels is to return lost proteins to circulatory system, filter bacteria and damaged cells, and is a method for fats to enter to circulatory system.

32
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

The lymph nodes are special areas that have a high concentration of white blood cells to filter bacteria and damaged cells.

33
Q

What are the two forces that regulate flow of water?

A

Fluid pressure and osmotic pressure.

34
Q

What is the difference between arteries and veins?

A

The difference is that arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.

Biology 20 (6 decks)

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