CHAPTER 10

Question 1

Different types of sample designs

Answer 1

the element selection technique, the representation basis

Question 2

the element selection technique enumeration (2)

Answer 2

restricted and unrestricted sampling

Question 3

When each sample element is drawn individually from the population at large, then the sample so drawn

Answer 3

unrestricted sampling

Question 4

other forms of sampling are covered under this.

Answer 4

Restricted Sampling

Question 5

is ‘non-random’ sampling.

Answer 5

non probability sampling

Question 6

is a sampling procedure which does not afford any basis for estimating the probability that each item in the population has been included in the sample.

Answer 6

non probability sampling

Question 7

Non-probability sampling is also known by different names such as

Answer 7

deliberate sampling, purposive sampling, judgement sampling

Question 8

In this type of sampling, items for the sample are selected deliberately by the researcher; his choice concerning the items remains supreme.

Answer 8

non probability sampling

Question 9

is based on the concept of random selection.

Answer 9

Probability sampling

Question 10

Probability sampling is also known as

Answer 10

‘random sampling’ or ‘chance sampling’.

Question 11

Under this sampling design, every item of the universe has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample.

Answer 11

Probability sampling

Question 12

individual units are picked up from the whole group not deliberately but by some mechanical process

Answer 12

lottery method

Question 13

Random sampling ensures the -___________ which states that if on an average the sample chosen is a random one, the sample will have the same composition and characteristics as the universe.

Answer 13

law of Statistical Regularity

Question 14

is also an example of non-probability sampling. Under this the interviewers are simply given quotas to be filled from the different strata, with some restrictions on how they are to be filled. In other words, the actual selection of the items for the sample is left to the interviewer’s discretion.

Answer 14

quota sampling

Question 15

This type of sampling is very convenient and is relatively inexpensive. But the samples so selected certainly do not possess the characteristic of random samples.

Answer 15

quota sampling

Question 16

are essentially judgement samples and inferences drawn on their basis are not amenable to statistical treatment in a formal way.

Answer 16

Quota samples

Question 17

sample design is made up of two elements.

Answer 17

Random sampling from a finite population and Random sampling (or simple random sampling)

Question 18

refers to that method of sample selection which gives each possible sample combination an equal probability of being picked up and each item in the entire population to have an equal chance of being included in the sample. This applies to sampling without replacement i.e., once an item is selected for the sample, it cannot appear in the sample again

Answer 18

Random sampling from a finite population

Question 19

It gives each element in the population an equal probability of getting into the sample; and all choices are independent of one another.

Answer 19

Random sampling (or simple random sampling)

Question 20

The features of good sampling are stated below:

Answer 20

Sample design must result in a truly representative sample.

Sample design must be such which results in a small sampling error.

Sample design must be viable in the context of funds available for the research study.

Sample design must be such so that systematic bias can be controlled in a better way.

Sample should be such that the results of the sample study can be applied, in general, for the universe with a reasonable level of confidence.

Question 21

Steps in Sampling Design in Research Methodology

Answer 21

type of universe, sampling unit, source of list, size of sample, parameters of interest, budgetary constraint, sampling procedure

Question 22

type of universe

Answer 22

finite and infinite universe

Question 23

The first step in developing any sample design is to clearly define the set of objects, technically called the _____, to be studied. The universe can be finite or infinite.

Answer 23

type of universe

Question 24

the number of items is certain

Answer 24

finite universe

Question 25

the number of items is infinite

Answer 25

infinite universe

Question 26

A decision has to be taken concerning a sampling unit before selecting a sample. _______ may be a geographical one such as state, district, village, etc., or a construction unit such as house, flat, etc., or it may be a social unit such as family, club, school, etc., or it may be an individual.

Answer 26

sampling unit

Question 27

from which sample is to be drawn. It contains the names of all items of a universe (in case of a finite universe only). If the source list is not available, researchers have to prepare it. Such a list should be comprehensive, correct, reliable and appropriate. It is extremely important for the source list to be as representative of the population as possible.

Answer 27

source list

Question 28

It contains the names of all items of a universe (in case of a finite universe only). If the source list is not available, researchers have to prepare it. Such a list should be comprehensive, correct, reliable and appropriate.

Answer 28

source list

Question 29

This refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe to constitute a sample. This is a major problem for a researcher.

Answer 29

size of sample

Question 30

should neither be excessively large, nor too small. It should be optimum.

Answer 30

size of sample

Question 31

is one which fulfils the requirements of efficiency, representativeness, reliability and flexibility.

Answer 31

optimum sample

Question 32

source list is also known as

Answer 32

sampling frame

Question 33

In determining the sample design, one must consider the question of the specific population parameters which are of interest. For instance, we may be interested in estimating the proportion of persons with some characteristic in the population, or we may be interested in knowing some average or the other measure concerning the population.

Answer 33

parameters of interest

Question 34

Cost considerations, from a practical point of view, have a major impact upon decisions relating to not only the size of the sample but also to the type of sample. This fact can even lead to the use of a non-probability sample.

Answer 34

budgetary contraint

Question 35

Finally, the researcher must decide the type of sample he will use i.e., he must decide about the technique to be used in selecting the items for the sample. In fact, this technique or procedure stands for the sample design itself.

Answer 35

sampling procedure

Question 36

An organized collection of computer hardware, software, data, and personnel designed to capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and immediately display information about worldwide business activity.

Answer 36

global information systems

Question 37

is a tool for providing past, present, and projected information on internal operations and external activity. Using satellite communications, high-speed microcomputers, electronic data interchanges, fibre optics, data storage devices, and other technological advances in interactive media, global information systems are changing the nature of business

Answer 37

global information systems

Question 38

source list must be

Answer 38

comprehensive correct reliable appropriate