Chapter 10 Flashcards
neurodevelopmental disorders
Disorders that affect brain development, leading to difficulties in learning, behavior, or functioning.
developmental coordination disorder
A disorder involving motor skill difficulties impacting daily activities.
neurocognitive disorders
Disorders that impair cognitive functions like memory and reasoning.
major neurocognitive disorder
A significant decline in cognitive abilities that interferes with daily life.
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
A disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
dementia
A general term for decline in memory and other thinking skills.
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
A developmental disorder impacting communication, behavior, and social interaction.
mild neurocognitive disorder
A mild form of cognitive impairment not severe enough to interfere with daily life.
autism
A developmental disorder affecting communication and behavior.
aphasia
A language disorder involving difficulty in speaking or understanding language.
echolalia
The repetition of another person’s spoken words.
palilalia
The repetition of one’s own words or phrases.
Intellectual developmental disorder (intellectual disability)
A disorder characterized by below-average intellectual and adaptive functioning.
apraxia
A motor disorder involving difficulty in planning or executing movements.
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
A condition caused by prenatal alcohol exposure, resulting in physical and cognitive impairments.
agnosia
The inability to recognize objects, sounds, or smells despite intact sensory function.
specific learning disorder
A disorder involving difficulties in learning academic skills.
executive functions
Cognitive processes involved in planning, decision-making, and problem-solving.
communication disorders
Disorders that impair speech, language, or communication.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
A progressive neurological disease that causes memory loss and cognitive decline.
language disorder
A disorder involving difficulty in understanding or using language.
neurofibrillary tangles
Twisted protein fibers found in brain cells of Alzheimer’s patients.
speech sound disorder
A disorder involving difficulty producing clear speech sounds.
plaques
Clusters of protein fragments associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
childhood-onset fluency disorder
A speech disorder characterized by disruptions in the flow of speech (stuttering).
beta-amyloid
A protein fragment linked to the formation of plaques in Alzheimer’s disease.
social communication disorder
A disorder involving difficulties in social communication and interaction.
vascular neurocognitive disorder
A neurocognitive disorder caused by reduced blood flow to the brain.
motor disorders
Disorders affecting movement control, coordination, or posture.
cerebrovascular disease
A condition involving blood vessel damage in the brain, potentially leading to cognitive issues.
Tourette’s disorder
A neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements or sounds.
stroke
A condition caused by the interruption of blood flow to the brain.
persistent motor or vocal tic disorder (PMVTD)
A disorder involving repetitive motor or vocal tics. Milder tourettes
traumatic brain injury (TBI)
A brain injury caused by an external force, affecting cognitive and physical functioning.
stereotypic movement disorder
A disorder involving repetitive, nonfunctional motor behaviors.
delirium
A rapid change in mental state causing confusion and reduced awareness.
