Chapter 10

Question 1

neurodevelopmental disorders

Answer 1

Disorders that affect brain development, leading to difficulties in learning, behavior, or functioning.

Question 2

developmental coordination disorder

Answer 2

A disorder involving motor skill difficulties impacting daily activities.

Question 3

neurocognitive disorders

Answer 3

Disorders that impair cognitive functions like memory and reasoning.

Question 4

major neurocognitive disorder

Answer 4

A significant decline in cognitive abilities that interferes with daily life.

Question 5

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 5

A disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Question 6

dementia

Answer 6

A general term for decline in memory and other thinking skills.

Question 7

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Answer 7

A developmental disorder impacting communication, behavior, and social interaction.

Question 8

mild neurocognitive disorder

Answer 8

A mild form of cognitive impairment not severe enough to interfere with daily life.

Question 9

autism

Answer 9

A developmental disorder affecting communication and behavior.

Question 10

aphasia

Answer 10

A language disorder involving difficulty in speaking or understanding language.

Question 11

echolalia

Answer 11

The repetition of another person’s spoken words.

Question 12

palilalia

Answer 12

The repetition of one’s own words or phrases.

Question 13

Intellectual developmental disorder (intellectual disability)

Answer 13

A disorder characterized by below-average intellectual and adaptive functioning.

Question 14

apraxia

Answer 14

A motor disorder involving difficulty in planning or executing movements.

Question 15

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Answer 15

A condition caused by prenatal alcohol exposure, resulting in physical and cognitive impairments.

Question 16

agnosia

Answer 16

The inability to recognize objects, sounds, or smells despite intact sensory function.

Question 17

specific learning disorder

Answer 17

A disorder involving difficulties in learning academic skills.

Question 18

executive functions

Answer 18

Cognitive processes involved in planning, decision-making, and problem-solving.

Question 19

communication disorders

Answer 19

Disorders that impair speech, language, or communication.

Question 20

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

Answer 20

A progressive neurological disease that causes memory loss and cognitive decline.

Question 21

language disorder

Answer 21

A disorder involving difficulty in understanding or using language.

Question 22

neurofibrillary tangles

Answer 22

Twisted protein fibers found in brain cells of Alzheimer’s patients.

Question 23

speech sound disorder

Answer 23

A disorder involving difficulty producing clear speech sounds.

Question 24

plaques

Answer 24

Clusters of protein fragments associated with Alzheimer’s disease.

Question 25

childhood-onset fluency disorder

Answer 25

A speech disorder characterized by disruptions in the flow of speech (stuttering).

Question 26

beta-amyloid

Answer 26

A protein fragment linked to the formation of plaques in Alzheimer’s disease.

Question 27

social communication disorder

Answer 27

A disorder involving difficulties in social communication and interaction.

Question 28

vascular neurocognitive disorder

Answer 28

A neurocognitive disorder caused by reduced blood flow to the brain.

Question 29

motor disorders

Answer 29

Disorders affecting movement control, coordination, or posture.

Question 30

cerebrovascular disease

Answer 30

A condition involving blood vessel damage in the brain, potentially leading to cognitive issues.

Question 31

Tourette’s disorder

Answer 31

A neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements or sounds.

Question 32

stroke

Answer 32

A condition caused by the interruption of blood flow to the brain.

Question 33

persistent motor or vocal tic disorder (PMVTD)

Answer 33

A disorder involving repetitive motor or vocal tics. Milder tourettes

Question 34

traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Answer 34

A brain injury caused by an external force, affecting cognitive and physical functioning.

Question 35

stereotypic movement disorder

Answer 35

A disorder involving repetitive, nonfunctional motor behaviors.

Question 36

delirium

Answer 36

A rapid change in mental state causing confusion and reduced awareness.