Chapter 10 Flashcards
Photosynthesis
The process that converts solar energy into chemical energy.
________ sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms
Autotrophs
_________ obtain their organic material from other organisms
Heterotrophs
Plants are ________, using the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules from water and carbon dioxide
Photoautotrophs
Only ___ % of the sun’s energy that reaches the Earth is converted into chemical energy
5%
Chloroplast
Highly structured, membrane-rich organelles
Thylakoids
Internal vesicle-like structures that are embedded with photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll
Grana
(Granum), columns or stacks of thylakoids
Stroma
Semi-liquid surrounding thlakoids
Photosynthesis consists of two sets of reactions: __________ produce O2 from H2O and then the ligh-independent reactions of the ________ produce sugar from CO2.
Light-dependent reactions, Calvin cycle
Electromagnetic spectrum
The entire range of electromagnetic energy or radiation
When are photons absorbed?
When the energy of the photon is equal to the difference between the ground state and the excited state of the electron
Why are leaves green?
Chlorophyll reflects and transmits green light
_________ functions first and is best at absorbing a wavelength of 680 nm
Photosystem II
________ is best at absorbing a wavelength of 700 nm
Photosystem I
What is the difference between Photosystem II and I?
Both have chlorophyll a; but they are associated with different proteins, which affects their absorption.
ATP production in mitochondria
- Oxidative phosphorylation
- Energy of electrons comes from food
- ATP is made utilizing NADH
ATP production in chloroplasts
- Phosphorylation
- Energy of electrons comes from sunlight
- ATP is made without utilizing NADPH
In the Calvin cycle, _______ is incorporated into organic molecules that are already in the chloroplast
CO2
Carbon fixation
The fixed carbon is reduced to CH2O by the addition of H+ and e- via NADPH
Calvin Cycle Steps
- Carbon fixation
- Reduction
- Regeneration of RuBP
G3P
Clyceraldehyde-3-phosate
In rapidly photosynthesizing cells where sucrose is abundant, glucose is temporarily stored int he chloroplast as ___________.
Starch
In addition to food production, photosynthesis produces _____________.
Oxygen
