Chapter 10

Question 1

forms of family

Answer 1

• Nuclear Family
• Extended Family
• Simple Households
• Complex households

Question 2

Nuclear Family

Answer 2

A Parent or parents and children (same sex family or adopted family is also considered nuclear family)

Question 3

Extended Family

Answer 3

includes parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins

Question 4

Simple households

Answer 4

unrelated adults with or without children

Question 5

complex households

Answer 5

2 or more adults who are related but not married to each other and hence could reasonably be expected to live separately

Question 6

9 changes in the Canadian Family

Answer 6

1. The marriage rate is decreasing while the cohabitation rate is rising
2. the age of 1st marriage is rising
3. there are more divorces overall, but the rate is falling
4. more women are having children in their 30s
5. the # of children/family has dropped below the replacement rate
6. the are nearly as many couples without children as with
7. children are leaving home at a later age
8. there are more lone-parent families
9. there are more people living alone

Question 7

why might more people choose to cohabit (live together) rather than get married?

Answer 7

• Easier to break up than to divorce
• weddings are expensive
• the increased cost of living

Question 8

Crude marriage rate

Answer 8

the number of marriages that occur in a given year per 1000 people in a population

Question 9

why might the age of first marriages be rising?

Answer 9

• Education (not as much time to pursue romantic interests)
• more women entering the workforce
• getting married is expensive

Question 10

Divorce statistics (1968, 1985, and 2002)

Answer 10

• 1968: Grounds for divorce expanded which made divorce easier (increased from 54.8-124.5/100000
• 1985: Divorce act allows “marital breakdown” divorce (divorce rate climbed to 363.75/100000 by 1987
• 2002: divorce rate declined to 223.7/100000

Question 11

what was the average age of a woman giving birth in Canada in 2010?

Answer 11

the average age had surpassed 30

Question 12

what was the % of women 35 and over giving birth for the first time in 1987?

Answer 12

4%

Question 13

what was the % of women 35 and over giving birth for the first time in 2011?

Answer 13

12%

Question 14

Fecundity:

Answer 14

the physical ability to conceive ( as women age, their ability to conceive decreases- “the clock is ticking”

Question 15

Total fertility rate:

Answer 15

an estimate of the average # of children that a cohort of women between the ages of 15 and 49 will have in their lifetime. (in 2002 and 2016 the fertility rate in Canada was 1.51.and 1.54)

Question 16

Replacement rate:

Answer 16

the # of children that the average woman must bear if the overall population is to continue at the same level (Canadas replacement rate is 2.1 but its fertility rate falls below the replacement rate)

Question 17

in 2011, __% of couples lived without children, compared to __% of couples with children

Answer 17

44.5% and 39.2%

Question 18

Voluntary Childlessness:

Answer 18

the voluntary choice to not have children

Question 19

Cluttered nest:

Answer 19

term used to decribe the phenomenon in which adult children continue to live at (or return to live with) home with their parents (men are more likely to continue living with their parents)

Question 20

Causes of a cluttered nest

Answer 20

• prolonged education
• “boomerang kids” who returned home after getting post secondary education (either just for the summer or after they graduate)
• cost of living
• later age at marriage

Question 21

Empty nest

Answer 21

describes a household in which children have moved out to live on their own (*not like a multigenerational extended family)

Question 22

the # of lone-parent families increased from __% of all families in 1966 to __% in 2016

Answer 22

8.2% and 14.2%

Question 23

critics need to be cautious about their perceptions of lone-parent families as:

Answer 23

• Most lone-parent households began as 2-parent households
• there are planned lone-parent household
• adoption as well as advances in technology give individuals the ability to become a parent

Question 24

Conjugal (marital) roles:

Answer 24

the distinctive roles of the husband and wife that result from the division of labour within the family

Question 25

Bott Hypothesis:

Answer 25

Elizabeth Bott (1957) characterized conjugal roles as segregated and joint

Question 26

Segregated (Bott Hypothesis)

Answer 26

Tasks, interests, and activities are clearly different (ex. Traditional ideas of males as breadwinners and financial support, women for housework and childcare

Question 27

Joint (Bott hypothesis)

Answer 27

many tasks, interests, and activities are shared (roles overlap, ex. both work, and take turns doing household chores)

Question 28

Complementary roles:

Answer 28

invented by Beaujot (2000) that cast men primarily as earners or breadwinners and women involved primary in the unpaid work of childcare and housework

Question 29

Companionate

Answer 29

invented by Beaujot (2000) and the overlap of the breadwinning and caretaking roles

Question 30

Double burden/second shift

Answer 30

where married women-especially ones with young children-still do more unpaid work at home than married men

Question 31

double ghetto

Answer 31

the marginalization of working that women experience inside and outside the home

Question 32

the gender strategy

Answer 32

Arlie Hochschild first proposed this strategy.
a plan of action through which a person tried to solve problems at hand, given cultural notions of gender at play

Question 33

occupational segregation:

Answer 33

women choose occupations that have greatest flexibility in terms of childcare-related work interruptions (e.g, care for a sick child, care for a newborn child)

Question 34

what does segregated conjugal dominate?

Answer 34

• recent immigrants in some ethnic groups adhered more to segregated conjugal roles (e.g. South Asian immigrants)
• Immigrants often slowly assimilate and adopt Western approach

Question 35

Endogamy:

Answer 35

refers to marrying someone inside the same ethnic, religious, or cultural group as oneself (South Asians, Chinese)

Question 36

exogamy:

Answer 36

marrying someone outside of the same ethnic, religious, or cultural group as oneself Canadians are becoming increasingly more comfortable with inter-ethnic marriages

Question 37

Residential Schools:

Answer 37

Created to keep indigenous children away from the (assumed/implied harmful) influence of their parents and communities

Question 38

Under the Alberta’s Sexual Sterilization act

Answer 38

(1928-1972) the province sterilized 2832 people, most of them women and 25% were first nation and Metis (was a form of genocide)

Question 39

the 60s scoop

Answer 39

removal of large #s of Indigenous children from their families by government- affiliated agencies in the 1960s