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SOC-112 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

Introduction to Sociology

1
Q

Social Location

A

Sex, age, class, ethnicity, “race”, religion, and sexual orientation

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2
Q

what do sociologists do?

A
  • they notice social patterns
    discuss social issues
    they conduct research that enables us to discuss social issues, such as the legalization of marijuana
  • they allow us to challenge perceptions such as stereotypes
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3
Q

what is sociology?

A

sociology is a social science that examines social variables such as social location and social patterns

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4
Q

Max Weber:

A

German sociologist
explored how a set of values embodied in early Protestantism lead to the development of modern capitalism

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5
Q

when did sociology become a thing in North America?

A

19th/early 20th century

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6
Q

when was the first sociology department founded in Canada?

A

in 1922 by Carl Addington

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7
Q

John Porter

A
  • 1921-1979
  • examined the relationship between social class and ethnicity
  • coined the the term vertical mosaic
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8
Q

vertical mosaic

A

describes hierarchical stratification of racial, ethnic, and religious groups due to systemic discrimination

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9
Q

Annie Marion Maclean

A

1870-1934
- first Canadian women to get a PhD in sociology

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10
Q

Aileen Ross

A

1902-1995
- first woman hired as a sociologist at a Canadian university
- completed the first study of homeless women in Canada

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11
Q

Helen C. Abell

A

1917-2005
- founder of rural sociology in Canada

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12
Q

when did sociology become a significant area of study?

A

1960s and 1970s

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13
Q

the 5 basic sociological theories (5)

A
  • structural functionalism
  • conflict theory
  • symbolic interaction
    feminist theory
    postmodern theory
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14
Q

different kinds of sociology

A
  • Sociology by approach (includes the 5 basic sociological theories)
  • Macrosociology (focuses on the big picture of society and it institutions)
  • Microsociology (focuses on the plans, motivations, and actions, of individuals and small groups
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15
Q

key representatives of structural functionalism

A

Emile Durkheim, Robert Merton

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16
Q

Emile Durkheim

A

1858-1917
- one of the founders of sociology
- coined the term social fact

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17
Q

social fact

A

patterned ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that exist outside an individual but exerts social control

18
Q

the 3 characteristics of social fact

A
  1. developed prior to + separate from the us as individuals
  2. can be seen as a characteristic of a particular group
  3. involves a constraining or coercing force that pushes individuals to act a certain way
19
Q

Anomie

A

Durkheim’s term for a societal state of breakdown or confusion or an individuals lack of connection or contact with society

20
Q

Robert K. Merton

A

1910-2003
- he was major contributor to functionalist thinking, he identified 3 types of functions

21
Q

Merton’s 3 manifest and latent functions

A
  • Manifest Functions: Intended and readily recognized (e.g. religion fulfills spiritual needs)
  • Latent Functions: Unintended and unrecognised (e.g. religion creates a support network)
  • Latent Dysfunctions: Unintended and produce socially negative consequences (e.g. religion justifies judging others)
22
Q

Conflict Theory (AKA Critical Theory)

A
  • based on the idea that conflict exists in large societies due to class division and is based on the 4 C’s:
    1. Conflict
    2. Class
    3. Contestation
    4. Change
23
Q

George Herbert Mead

A

1863-1931
- examined socialization, the development of the self, and social roles in the context of human interaction

24
Q

Herbert Blumer

A

1900-1987
- coined the term Symbolic interaction
- individuals and groups create and maintain social systems through interaction

25
Q

Erving Goffman

A

1922-1982
- Canadian sociologist who coined the term total institution

25
Q

total institution

A

prisons, boarding schools, concentration camps. all which seek to regulate, control, and manipulate its residents

26
Q

Feminist Theory

A
  • rooted in conflict theory
  • feminist theories address issues of systematic discrimination against women
27
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft

A

1759-1797
arguably one of western Europe first feminist analysts

28
Q

Harriet Martineau

A

(1802-1876)
one of the first sociologists to systematically examine women’s roles in society

29
Q

Dorothy Smith

A

-developed standpoint theory (that knowledge is always developed from a particular standpoint or lived experience

30
Q

Feminism “waves”

A
  • 1st wave: Campaign for civil and political rights (rights to vote-1918)
  • 2nd wave: focus on public and private rights (equality in home and workplace-1960s)
  • 3rd wave: Inclusion of LGBTI and racialized individuals (1980s)
  • 4th wave: empowerment of women and gender equality (2012)
31
Q

post modern Theory

A

seeks to include a diversity of voices that are drowned out by dominant groups

32
Q

Discourses

A

distinct ways of speaking about some element of reality

33
Q

Totalitarian

A

describes a set of beliefs or ideas that dominates all others

34
Q

totalitarian discourse

A

refers to any universal claim about how knowledge or understanding is achieved

35
Q

Sociology as a discipline can be separated into 4 categories:

A
  • professional sociology
  • critical sociology
  • policy sociology
  • public sociology
36
Q

Professional Sociology

A

research designed to generate highly specific information, often with the aim of applying it to a particular problem or intellectual question

37
Q

Critical Sociology

A

considered to be the “conscience of professional sociology

38
Q

Policy Sociology

A

generates sociological data to be used in the development of social policies, laws, rules or plans (3 main areas: education, health + social welfare)

39
Q

Public Sociology

A

the role of public sociologists is to make sociology accessible to the public through the use of jargon-free language

40
Q

Sociological imagination:

A
  • Coined by C. Wright Mills (1916-1962)
  • the capacity to shift from one perspective to another, and be able to see the relationship between the 2

SOC-112 (8 decks)

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