Chapter 1

Question 1

Social Location

Answer 1

Sex, age, class, ethnicity, “race”, religion, and sexual orientation

Question 2

what do sociologists do?

Answer 2

• they notice social patterns
  discuss social issues
  they conduct research that enables us to discuss social issues, such as the legalization of marijuana
• they allow us to challenge perceptions such as stereotypes

Question 3

what is sociology?

Answer 3

sociology is a social science that examines social variables such as social location and social patterns

Question 4

Max Weber:

Answer 4

German sociologist
explored how a set of values embodied in early Protestantism lead to the development of modern capitalism

Question 5

when did sociology become a thing in North America?

Answer 5

19th/early 20th century

Question 6

when was the first sociology department founded in Canada?

Answer 6

in 1922 by Carl Addington

Question 7

John Porter

Answer 7

• 1921-1979
• examined the relationship between social class and ethnicity
• coined the the term vertical mosaic

Question 8

vertical mosaic

Answer 8

describes hierarchical stratification of racial, ethnic, and religious groups due to systemic discrimination

Question 9

Annie Marion Maclean

Answer 9

1870-1934
- first Canadian women to get a PhD in sociology

Question 10

Aileen Ross

Answer 10

1902-1995
- first woman hired as a sociologist at a Canadian university
- completed the first study of homeless women in Canada

Question 11

Helen C. Abell

Answer 11

1917-2005
- founder of rural sociology in Canada

Question 12

when did sociology become a significant area of study?

Answer 12

1960s and 1970s

Question 13

the 5 basic sociological theories (5)

Answer 13

• structural functionalism
• conflict theory
• symbolic interaction
  feminist theory
  postmodern theory

Question 14

different kinds of sociology

Answer 14

• Sociology by approach (includes the 5 basic sociological theories)
• Macrosociology (focuses on the big picture of society and it institutions)
• Microsociology (focuses on the plans, motivations, and actions, of individuals and small groups

Question 15

key representatives of structural functionalism

Answer 15

Emile Durkheim, Robert Merton

Question 16

Emile Durkheim

Answer 16

1858-1917
- one of the founders of sociology
- coined the term social fact

Question 17

social fact

Answer 17

patterned ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that exist outside an individual but exerts social control

Question 18

the 3 characteristics of social fact

Answer 18

1. developed prior to + separate from the us as individuals
2. can be seen as a characteristic of a particular group
3. involves a constraining or coercing force that pushes individuals to act a certain way

Question 19

Anomie

Answer 19

Durkheim’s term for a societal state of breakdown or confusion or an individuals lack of connection or contact with society

Question 20

Robert K. Merton

Answer 20

1910-2003
- he was major contributor to functionalist thinking, he identified 3 types of functions

Question 21

Merton’s 3 manifest and latent functions

Answer 21

• Manifest Functions: Intended and readily recognized (e.g. religion fulfills spiritual needs)
• Latent Functions: Unintended and unrecognised (e.g. religion creates a support network)
• Latent Dysfunctions: Unintended and produce socially negative consequences (e.g. religion justifies judging others)

Question 22

Conflict Theory (AKA Critical Theory)

Answer 22

• based on the idea that conflict exists in large societies due to class division and is based on the 4 C’s:
  1. Conflict
  2. Class
  3. Contestation
  4. Change

Question 23

George Herbert Mead

Answer 23

1863-1931
- examined socialization, the development of the self, and social roles in the context of human interaction

Question 24

Herbert Blumer

Answer 24

1900-1987
- coined the term Symbolic interaction
- individuals and groups create and maintain social systems through interaction

Question 25

Erving Goffman

Answer 25

1922-1982 - Canadian sociologist who coined the term total institution

Question 25

total institution

Answer 25

prisons, boarding schools, concentration camps. all which seek to regulate, control, and manipulate its residents

Question 26

Feminist Theory

Answer 26

- rooted in conflict theory - feminist theories address issues of systematic discrimination against women

Question 27

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 27

1759-1797 arguably one of western Europe first feminist analysts

Question 28

Harriet Martineau

Answer 28

(1802-1876) one of the first sociologists to systematically examine women's roles in society

Question 29

Dorothy Smith

Answer 29

-developed standpoint theory (that knowledge is always developed from a particular standpoint or lived experience

Question 30

Feminism "waves"

Answer 30

- 1st wave: Campaign for civil and political rights (rights to vote-1918) - 2nd wave: focus on public and private rights (equality in home and workplace-1960s) - 3rd wave: Inclusion of LGBTI and racialized individuals (1980s) - 4th wave: empowerment of women and gender equality (2012)

Question 31

post modern Theory

Answer 31

seeks to include a diversity of voices that are drowned out by dominant groups

Question 32

Discourses

Answer 32

distinct ways of speaking about some element of reality

Question 33

Totalitarian

Answer 33

describes a set of beliefs or ideas that dominates all others

Question 34

totalitarian discourse

Answer 34

refers to any universal claim about how knowledge or understanding is achieved

Question 35

Sociology as a discipline can be separated into 4 categories:

Answer 35

- professional sociology - critical sociology - policy sociology - public sociology

Question 36

Professional Sociology

Answer 36

research designed to generate highly specific information, often with the aim of applying it to a particular problem or intellectual question

Question 37

Critical Sociology

Answer 37

considered to be the "conscience of professional sociology

Question 38

Policy Sociology

Answer 38

generates sociological data to be used in the development of social policies, laws, rules or plans (3 main areas: education, health + social welfare)

Question 39

Public Sociology

Answer 39

the role of public sociologists is to make sociology accessible to the public through the use of jargon-free language

Question 40

Sociological imagination:

Answer 40

- Coined by C. Wright Mills (1916-1962) - the capacity to shift from one perspective to another, and be able to see the relationship between the 2