Chapter 10

Question 1

hemorrhage or thrombosis most often occurs secondary to..

Answer 1

some other altered physiologic process

Question 2

thrombocytopenia

Answer 2

too little platelets

Question 3

causes of thrombocytopenia

Answer 3

• genetic
• acquired (radiation)
• disease (leukemia)
• autoimmune
• hypersplenism (spleen working too well)

Question 4

what does thrombocytopenia lead to?

Answer 4

petechiae (small pinpoint hemorrhages)

Question 5

thrombocytosis

Answer 5

too many platelets

Question 6

causes of thrombocytosis

Answer 6

• trauma
• operations
• childbirth

Question 7

thrombosis

Answer 7

inappropriate activation of blood coagulation

Question 8

what contributes to thrombosis?

Answer 8

• endothelial cell injury
• abnormal blood flow
• hypercoagulability

Question 9

where can thrombosis occur?

Answer 9

arteries and veins

Question 10

virchows triad

Answer 10

• endothelial injury (atherosclerosis, turbulent blood flow)
• hypercoagulability (increased estrogen, trauma, surgery)
• altered blood flow (bifurcation of arteries, atherosclerosis, venous stasis)

Question 11

consequences of thrombosis

Answer 11

• deep vein thrombosis
• pulmonary embolism
• stroke
• heart attack

Question 12

treatment for thrombosis

Answer 12

anti-coagulants and anti-platelets

Question 13

what are different anti-coagulants?

Answer 13

• warfarin (coumadin)
• reduced amount of vitamin K availability
• decrease risk of clot formation
• heparin
• inactivates thrombin (creates fibrin)

Question 14

what are different kinds of anti-platelets?

Answer 14

• aspirin (inhibits thrombaxane A2 formation
• plavix

Question 15

too little coagulant can be..

Answer 15

• genetic (hemophilia - bleed a lot)
• acquired (liver disease, lack of vitamin K)

Question 16

hemophilia

Answer 16

spontaneous of traumatic subcutaneous bleeding, lacks coagulation factor

Question 17

how does hemophilia present?

Answer 17

• blood in urine
• bleeding in the mouth, lips, tongue
• bleeding to the joints, CNS, gastrointestinal tract

Question 18

how to treat hemophilia

Answer 18

• whole blood transfusions
• treated with missing factor (injection)

Question 19

what kind of disease is hemophilia?

Answer 19

x-linked

Question 20

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Answer 20

liberation of thromboplastic material into circulation

Question 21

what is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) a result of?

Answer 21

• snakebites
• gram negative bacteria
• surgery
• diseases associated with shock and tissue necrosis
• overwhelming bacterial infections
• other causes of tissue necrosis