CHapter 10

Question 1

Sampling plan

Answer 1

specifies how participants will be selected

• how many to include
• methods section
• researcher

Question 2

Researcher should include in ampling plan

Answer 2

• Eligibility criteria
• sampling appraoch
• sample size rationale
• main characteristics

Question 3

REsponse rate

Answer 3

• number of people that respond to study versus people who were sample
• lower the rate weaker the study

Question 4

THE population in PICO

Answer 4

refers to entire group it represents

Question 5

Whats in a sample (strata)

Answer 5

Strata- mutually exclusive segments of a population based on a specific characteristic
-Sampling bias

Question 6

Nonpropbability samples

Answer 6

• consecutive sampling: selects the most convinietly people
• quota sampling: using strata info to figure out how to use a balance sample
• consecutive sampling: recruits everyone from an accessible population overtime
• purposive sampling: researchers handpick particpants based on traits in a population

Question 7

Probability sampling

Answer 7

Simple random sampling -most basic, randomly selects elements from a sampling frame
Stratified random sampling- divides a pop into 2 strata randomly selects sample from thos strata
Systemic Sampling - chooses to select a number to select a sample

Question 8

Sample Size

Answer 8

• lend statistical power
• number of participants
  power anlysis: calculation that dtermines how large a sample should be
• Large sample is not accurate if nonprobability samling is used.

Question 9

Data collection: self report

Answer 9

-patinet reported outcomes
- responses to quesitons
- interviews get larger response rate
quistionaire: less costly, allow anonymity, advatageous fro geopraphic samples
Closed ended questions: allow for specif responses and to be comparable. Can inhibit accuracy
Scales: assign numerical score to people
Likert scale most common!
- Visual analog measue subjective expereinces (pain, fatigue)
- bias: misrepretation, social desirablity, extreme answers, yay saying or nay saying

Question 10

Observational methods

Answer 10

Category system: focuses on behavior and events on an observational study

• can leave out some behaviors
• checklist to record observations
• rating sclae measures intensity

Observational sampling:
- describe when observational period will occur

Biphysiolgic meaures: observe effect on patient through physiologic response
IN vivo- diretcly on patinet
In vitro- takes something from patinet to meaure avalue
these are objective and free of bias but some limits

Question 11

Data anlaysis

Answer 11

the instruments used to collect data relate to quality of data
- measurement involves assigning numbers to represent amount of atrophy present in perosn.
Psychometric assessment: evaluation of measuremnt properties
RElaibility: extent of which scores are free form meauremnt error
Validity: degree to which an instrument used is appropriate to measure with