chapter 10 Flashcards
What is a case control study?
compares the exposure histories of people with disease and people without disease
What is matching?
recruiting 1 or more controls who are demographically similar to each case
what is frequency matching?
similar group-level demographic characteristics
What is matched-pairs matching?
links each case to one or more controls with similar characteristics
what is overmatching?
statistical bias that can result from matching too many characteristics of cases to controls
What is minimizing bias?
a systematic flaw in the design or analysis that can cause to results of the study not to accurately reflect the truth about the source population
misclassification bias?
not correctly categorized, case and controls are mixed up or there is a problem with case definition or control definition
what is a recall bias?
occurs when cases and controls systematically have different memories of the past
what is the measure of association?
number that summarizes the relationship between an exposure and a disease outcome
what is the odds ratio?
odds of exposure - cases / odds of exposure - controls
what is a contingency table?
a row by column table that displays the counts of how often various combinations of events happen
What is the point estimate?
value of the statistic in a study population - ad/bc
what is OR =1
about the same
what is OR>1?
cases>controls - exposure = risky
OR<1 ?
cases> controls - exposure is protective
