Chapter 1; Your World, Your Health

Question 1

premature death is “____”

Answer 1

dying before your time

Question 2

the risks for premature death attributed to different factors are 40% of […] […], 30% of […], 20% of […] & […], and 10% of […] […]

Answer 2

individual behavior
genetics
social & environmental
health care

Question 3

the US spends [more or less] on health care than any other high income country

Answer 3

more

Question 4

in healthcare; do Americans have the [highest or lowest] life expectancy at birth and a [greater or lower] prevalence of chronic disease prevalence of chronic diseases compared to the citizens of other high income countries

Answer 4

lower
greater

Question 5

in healthcare; what care act was implemented in 2010 in the US

Answer 5

the Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA)

Question 6

In healthcare; why do Americans spend more money on drugs, tests, and fees but do not reap the benefit of healthier and longer lives?

Answer 6

many individuals turn to health care only when something bad has already happened.

Question 7

in genetics and health; the human genome contains about […] genes

Answer 7

20,500

Question 8

Of the 20,500 genes since we only differ from every other human on earth by %1, it determines our unique […], our potential for specific […] and our response to […] factors, including therapeutic drugs

Answer 8

appearance
diseases
external

Question 9

when DNA is reproducing, what happens when genetic instructions produce a damaged protein, extra protein, or no protein at all

Answer 9

genetic mutation

Question 10

single gene mutations are responsible for more than […] disorders

Answer 10

10,000

Question 11

tay Sachs disease which is reason for risk of premature death, is a rare, inherited disorder that destroys [… cells in the […] and […] cord

Answer 11

nerve
brain
spinal

Question 12

sickle cell anemia which is a reason for risk of premature death, is an inherited group of disorders, where red blood cells contort into a […] shape. The cells […] early, leaving a […] of healthy red blood cells (sickle cell anemia), and can block […] flow causing pain (sickle cell crisis).

Answer 12

sickle
die
shortage
blood

Question 13

Is the study of genetic variation, or genomics, increasingly important in the development of treatments and drugs

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

from 1960 to 2010 life expectancy increased by […] years

Answer 14

6.9

Question 15

social determinants are associated with a third of premature deaths in the US

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

Healthy People 2020, which was launched in 2010’s five domains are 1. […] Stability, 2. […] and […] Environment, 3. […], 4. Community and […] Context, and 5. the […] care system

Answer 16

economic
neighborhood, physical
education
social
health

Question 17

can not being able to read or understand English have a tremendous impact on taking care of oneself or one’s family

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

the term sex in biology, refers to genetic expression of the […] inherited from one’s parents

Answer 18

genes

Question 19

men have an XY chromosome in every cell of the body

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

women have an XX chromosome in every cell of the body

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

since biological males and females can express different symptoms when ill they may experience sensations such as […] differently; and respond differently to […] and […], including addictive ones

Answer 21

pain
medications
substances

Question 22

intersex is when there is undetermined genitalia at birth, where some cells contain XX and others XY or other variations

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

gender is a social or cultural concept that reflects how men and women, boys and girls, are meant to […] and […].

Answer 23

look
behave

Question 24

by the age of […] or […]., children will express strong identities as girls or boys, which are then […] or […] by their parents, teachers, or others in the social world

Answer 24

2
3
reinforced
discouraged

Question 25

gender nonconforming is when children behave in ways that are [...] with their biological references

Answer 25

discordant e.g. girl playing with truck, boy playing with doll

Question 26

the term transgender refers to a range of behaviors associated with changing gender. some have gender reassignment surgery and take hormones

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

sexual orientation refers to being sexually and romantically attracted to persons of the [...] or [...] sex

Answer 27

same opposite

Question 28

heterosexual prefers the [...] sex. bisexual prefers members of [...] sex. and homosexual which consistently prefers the [...] sex

Answer 28

opposite either same

Question 29

on average, women live [longer or shorter] than men but they also experience [more or less] days of illness or disability

Answer 29

longer more

Question 30

the XY genotype is a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for the risk of [...], [...] cancer, and [...] cancer

Answer 30

hemophilia prostate testicular

Question 31

being the XX was associated with a greater risk of [...] and [...] cancer, and all maternal causes of death

Answer 31

breast ovarian

Question 32

are boys or girls slightly born more alive

Answer 32

slightly more boys 105>100

Question 33

in most cultures, do slightly more girls or boys survive infancy

Answer 33

girls

Question 34

however, there are many societies where the perceived need and desire for [female or male] leads to parents killing [female or male] infants at birth through either [...] or [...]

Answer 34

male female neglect force

Question 35

those who self identified as gay or lesbian were more likely to engage in smoking and drinking than their heterosexual counterparts

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

the LGBT community is the group that faces the most hate crimes, and intimate partner violence than their heterosexual partners do

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

in the population hispanics are predicted to double

Answer 37

yes

Question 38

ancestry is determined by comparing mitochondrial [...] (passed down from [mother] and some markers on your [...] chromosomes (from your father)

Answer 38

DNA Y

Question 39

many social scientists assert that race is not based in [...] but constructed by [...]

Answer 39

biology society

Question 40

skin color is controlled by more than [...] genetic loci. which, the genes, regulate [...] production and the skins reaction to [...] of various wavelengths

Answer 40

378 melanin light

Question 41

Anthropologist Nina Jablonski pointed out that human skin color is related to distance from the [...].

Answer 41

equator darker - protect against the harmful effects of too much exposure. lighter - developed lighter hues and more efficient at synthesizing vitamin D from sunlight

Question 42

ethnic identity is when many share cultural traits, such as [...], appearance, [...], religion, dress and meaningful symbols, and have a common [...] homeland

Answer 42

language food ancestral

Question 43

sickle cell disease is when the hemoglobin is not normally shaped as a disc, rather it is sickle and forms a sickle or crescent shape, making it to where it can't move easily through blood vessels. overall, causing a blockage or slowing the flow of blood, not allowing oxygen to reach nearby tissues

Answer 43

yes

Question 44

tay sachs disease is a neurodegenerative disease where babies appear normal at birth, but begin to show symptoms at 4 to 6 months of age. then they gradually lose their sight, hearing, and swallowing abilities, and usually die by the age of 5 years

Answer 44

yes

Question 45

in the US, young adulthood is a fairly [...] time of life from a disease perspective. the major health risks in this age group are [...]-related

Answer 45

safe behavior

Question 46

in young adulthood, [...]-inflicted harm is the greatest cause of death, often in association with overdose or misuse of drugs and alcohol

Answer 46

self

Question 47

substance misuse and abuse can be triggered by elevated levels of [...] or other [...] discomfort; which our [...] plays a role in

Answer 47

stress emotion environment

Question 48

in the early part of the 20th century, the leading causes of disease and death in the US were directly tied to [...] conditions

Answer 48

environmental

Question 49

although the environment affects everyone, the risk of exposure to poor quality environments or having access to safe and salubrious spaces is largely a matter of how society allocates [...]

Answer 49

resources

Question 50

social scientists use an ecological model, to begin identifying the [...] of problems and potential points of [...]. purpose is to look at [...] laters of a problem and work on [...] to these

Answer 50

roots intervention outer solution

Question 51

[...] cause analysis is a technique from engineering used to analyze what went wrong in a disaster.

Answer 51

root

Question 52

individual level forces identifies [...] and [...] history factors that increase the likelihood of becoming a victim or perpetrator

Answer 52

biological personal e.g. ; age, eduction, income, substance use, and history of abuse prevention strategies; education and life skills training

Question 53

relationship level forces examines close [...] that may increase the risk of experiencing violence as a victim or perpetrator

Answer 53

relationships e.g. peers, partners and family members prevention strategies; parenting or family focused prevention programs, and ,encoring, and peer programs designed to reduce conflict, foster problem solving skills, and promote healthy relationships

Question 54

community-level forces explores the [...], in which social relationships occur and seeks to identify the characteristics of these setting that are associated with becoming victims or perpetrators of violence

Answer 54

settings e.g. schools, workplaces, and neighborhoods prevention strategies; designed to impact the social and physical environment

Question 55

societal level forces look at the [...] societal factors that help create a climate in which violence is encouraged or inhibited

Answer 55

broad e.g. social and cultural norms that support violence as an acceptable way to resolve conflicts

Question 56

forces that affect people at the individual, social network or community/population level are referred to as "[...] fields of influence"

Answer 56

people

Question 57

forces that are linked to a higher administrative level (state, nation, world) are referred to as "[...] fields of influence"

Answer 57

place

Question 58

health communication can [...] policies and regulations contributing to social determinants; [...], [....], and [...] individuals to choose healthier behaviors; [...] individuals to access health care, interact with healthcare providers, and follow health care instructions; work with healthcare providers to be better communicators

Answer 58

inform educate, motivate, and persuade assist