Chapter 03; Getting it Right: Words, Numbers, and Meaning

Question 1

numeracy is a […] skill

Answer 1

computational

Question 2

health literacy is a combination of capacity and skills to […] and […] information to make decision affecting health

Answer 2

access
use

Question 3

health literacy is not an individual “deficit” but it is the right of individuals to understand and be understood in the health arena

Answer 3

yes, as such it requires a system wide approach

Question 4

the Affordable Care Act of 2010 identifies four areas to be addressed;

Answer 4

1. health care delivery stem research an quality improvement
2. Facilitation of shared decision making (SDM) between patients and providers
3. Presentation of prescription drug benefits and risk information
4. training of practitioners across all healthcare fields

Question 5

the US department of Health and Human Services created the […] […] […] to Improve Health Literacy (NAP) in 2010

Answer 5

National Action Plan

Question 6

the National Action Plan (NAP) encourages a cross section of society to work together to improve health literacy. the NAP is based on two core principles:
- all people have the […] to health information that helps them make […] decisions
- health services should be delivered in ways that are easy to [..] and that improve health, longevity, and quality of life

Answer 6

right
informed
understand

Question 7

those with adequate health literacy are more likely to;
- participate in […] healthcare measures
- understand the need for [early or late] detection and […] of disease
- use healthcare services more […]
- […] better with our treatments plans

Answer 7

preventive
early , management
efficiently
comply

Question 8

mortality rates are higher among persons with lower health literacy because they tend to;
- be less likely to get […] screenings, such as for colon, breast, and cervical cancer
- be less likely to […] themselves against seasonal flu, pneumonia (for the elderly), and […] diseases in children
- have difficulty taking […] properly or […] labels and health messages
- […] or not […] appropriately to public health emergencies
- have more trouble […] health insurance

Answer 8

preventive
immunize, preventable
medications, interpreting
misunderstand , respond
accessing

Question 9

compared to those with proficient health literacy, adults with low health literacy tend to;
- make more […] use of the emergency department
- incur […] times higher annual healthcare costs ($13k vs $3k)
- have 6% more frequent […] visits
- spends […] days longer in the hospital

Answer 9

frequent
4
hospital
2

Question 10

poor health literacy is dangerous and expensive to those who have it and creates […] across the health care system. poor reading ability is a factor in poor health literacy, but the two are not identical

Answer 10

costs

Question 11

basic literacy refers to an individuals ability to make […] of information in any […] in which it is presented

Answer 11

sense
form

Question 12

ETS distinguishes three types of literacy scales:
prose literacy; the ability to […] sentences and paragraphs
document literacy: the ability to […] tables, forms, graphs, or other structured formation
quantitative literacy: the ability to […] information that requires a mathematical operation for interpretation. quantitive literacy is a subset of numeracy

Answer 12

read
interpret
use

Question 13

one of the challenges of health literacy is that the ability to make mental models is [..] and [..] determined

Answer 13

socially
culturally
since those with more exposure to health and science are more likely to create mental models and integrate scientific knowledge about health more easily. others have difficulty with mental modeling because they have not been taught how or because they use a different culturally determined model of how things work

Question 14

on a global basis; anthropologists have described two primary was of viewing illness causation;
- personalistic disease theory: illness is due to the […] intervention of a […] being (e.g., a god), a nonhuman being (e.g., a ghost or evil spirit), or a person who has supernatural powers (e.g. a witch)
- naturalistic disease theory: a persons health is closely connected to the […] , with natural conditions or biological materials impacting a persons health; disease occurs impersonally

Answer 14

purposeful, supernatural
environment, impersonally

Question 15

(CLAS) Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services, remaining standards fall into the three large groupings of; 1. governance, leadership, and workforce 2. communication and language assistance 3. engagement, continuous improvement, and accountability

Answer 15

1. emphasizes that the responsibility for CLAS implementation rests at the highest levels or organizational leadership
2. suggests that organization provide language assistance in a manner appropriate to the organizations size, scope, and mission. (those with federal funding must provide free language assister per civil rights act
3. underscores the importance of quality improvement, community, engagement and evaluation

Question 16

the Health Literacy Tool Shed was constructed by […] University with more than 100 tools for specific applications and allows users to access specific instrument by health literacy domain, health context, administration time, modality of administration, language (there are many available)

Answer 16

Boston

Question 17

REALM; the Rapid […] of Adult […] in Medicine

Answer 17

Estimate
Literacy
word recognition test consisting of 66 medical words

Question 18

TOFHLA; the Test of […] Health Literacy in […]

Answer 18

Functional
Adults
detailed evaluation of health literacy when needed for research purposes

Question 19

NVS; the Newest […] Sign

Answer 19

Vital
ice cram label challenge in English or Spanish

Question 20

eHEALS; the eHealth Literacy …
used in several studies to evaluate eyelash literacy and communication programs

Answer 20

Scale
eight item measure of electronic health literacy that assesses an individuals knowledge, skills, and perceived comfort in finding, evaluating, and applying electronic health information to health problems

Question 21

NUMi; the […] Understanding in […] instrument
developed by Schapira

Answer 21

Numeracy
Medicine
20-item pencil and paper test that measures most of the quantitative challenges a patient may face in health care

Question 22

HLSI; the Health Literacy […] Instrument (HLSI)
developed by McCormack

Answer 22

Skills
measures print literacy as well as numeracy, oral skills, and internet based information seeking skills that US based adults are likely to face in the context of health care

Question 23

it can be important to assess a patients health literacy in order to;
- […] with […] of care standards within a profession or facility
- select appropriate […] materials (e.g. video, foreign language)
- rule out other [..]., such as cognitive impairment, hearing, or vision loss

Answer 23

comply, quality
educational
complicaitons

Question 24

in practice you should
- not judge anyone by […]
- strive to communicate […] with everyone
- […] understanding with everyone

Answer 24

appearance
clearly
confirm
recommend to use plain language

Question 25

message mapping is used to manage talking [...] during public health emergencies, but "maps" are also used to [...] information when more than one person needs to deliver information, and it is important to keep the message [...]

Answer 25

points organize consistent

Question 26

using tech back to check patient understanding of information

Answer 26

- plan approach - chunk and check - clarify and chunk again - start slowly and use consistency - use the show me method - use handouts along with teach back - train nonclinical staff - share teach back stories

Question 27

the CDC's [...] Communication Index (CCI) is a key tool to [...] a draft material and see if it is working on several levels

Answer 27

Clear evaluate