chapter 1 (woods) Flashcards
main two types of timber
hardwood
softwood
hardwood aesthetics and properties (6 points to know)
- from decidious(leaf losing trees)
- slower growing (takes up to 100 years)
- more expensive than softwood
- more fibrous than softwoods
- fibres are smaller and more compact •the greater density the greater it’s mechanical strength
properties and aesthetics of softwoods (7 things to know)
- from coniferous (cone bearing) trees
- evergreen
- grow in 30 years so cheaper and more sustainable
- very resinous
- made of tube like cells
- less dense than hardwood
- prone to water damage as it will absorb water if end grain is exposed/ left untreated
what hardwoods and softwoods do you need to know? (5 overall)
hardwoods; Mahogany Oak Beech Ash
softwood;
Pine
annual rings (2)
- variations of cells in trees are seen as annual rings and they can be counted to see how old the tree is
- scientists can see the growth patterns to give an indication of the climate and environmental conditions at the time of the growth
growth of timber(3)
- during growing season, the trees thickness and height increases
- cells produced in drier summer months have thicker cell walls
- the summer growth is responsible for the mechanical strength of the timber.
natural wood is subject to 4 types of movement that will in some cases make the wood unusable, what are they?
- warping
- bowing
- cupping
- splitting
what will knots do to the timber?
generate weakness but may be seen from an aesthetic point of view
Hardwoods; MAHOGANY
properties (2)
durable
medium density
Hardwoods; MAHOGANY
uses(4)
- indoor furniture
- interior woodwork
- window frames
- veneers
Hardwoods; MAHOGANY
pros(2)
- finishes well
* relatively easy to work
Hardwood; MAHOGANY
cons(2)
- prone to warping
* some tropical types can be a bit soft and fibrous
Hardwood; OAK
properties (4)
- hard
- tough
- durable
- high density
Hardwood; OAK
uses(4)
- high quality furniture
- garden benches
- boat building
- veneers
Hardwood; OAK
pros(1)
•finishes well
Hardwoods; OAK
cons(1)
•contains acid which corrodes steel
Hardwoods; BEECH
properties(2)
- hard
* tough
Hardwoods; BEECH
uses(4)
- workshop benches
- children’s toys
- interior furniture
- kitchen chopping boards and worktops
Hardwoods; BEECH
pros(2)
- turns well
* finishes well
Hardwoods; BEECH
cons
(1)
•prone to warping
Hardwoods; ASH
properties (3)
- tough
- flexible
- good elasticity
Hardwoods; ASH
uses(4)
- sports equipment
- ladders
- laminated furniture
- tool handles
Hardwoods; ASH
pros(1)
•flexible
Hardwood; ASH
cons (1)
•can become splintered
Softwood; PINE
properties(1)
•lightweight
Softwood; PINE
uses(4)
- constructional woodwork (joists, roof trusses)
- floorboards
- children’s toys
- garden decking
Softwood; PINE
pros(2)
- nice colour and grain pattern
* grows quickly in comparison to hardwoods
Softwood; PINE
cons(2)
- prone to warping
* knots can fall out and leave holes
what can wood can be used for , 6 points (and why, 1 reason )
it's very versatile so is used for; •fuel for fires •weapons •cooking utensils •transportation •structures for housing/ furniture •it's fibres are used for the production of paper