chapter 1 (metals) Flashcards
three main groups of metals
- ferrous
- non- ferrous
- alloys
what are ferrous metals mainly composed of?
ferrite or iron
two aesthetics of steel (in general)
- dull grey colour though some are black with a rough pitted surface due to processes in their production
- develop a surface oxide over time which is reddish brown
FERROUS - mild steel -
properties (3 points)
- tough
- malleable
- magnetic
FERROUS -mild steel- uses (2 points)
- structural steel girders
* car body panels
FERROUS - mild steel - advantages (4 points)
- easily worked and joined even in school work shop
- relatively cheap
- widely available
- can be recycled
FERROUS -mild steel- disadvantages (2 points)
- will oxidise if left unprotected
* can only be case hardened
FERROUS -stainless steel- properties (3 points)
- hard
- tough
- excellent corrosion resistance
FERROUS -stainless steel- uses (4 points)
- cutlery
- kitchen sinks
- pots and pans
- surgical instruments
FERROUS -stainless steel- advantages (4 points)
- easily cleaned
- doesn’t need surface finishing
- can be recycled
- high-lustre finish
FERROUS -stainless steel- disadvantages (2 points)
- difficult to use &a join in school workshop
* specialist welding equipment needed for joining
FERROUS -carbon steel- properties (1 point)
•ductile
FERROUS -carbon steel- uses (1 point)
•nuts,screws,nails +general ironmongery
FERROUS -carbon steel- advantages (1 point)
•can be recycled
FERROUS -carbon steel- disadvantages (2 points)
- will oxidise if left unprotected
* can easily be heat treated
what are non ferrous metals used for because they’re good conductors of heat and electricity?
electrical power distribution grids e.g. the national grid
NON-FERROUS -aluminium- properties (6 points)
- lightweight
- soft
- ductile
- malleable
- good heat & electricity conductor
- good corrosion resistance
NON-FERROUS-aluminium-uses (4 points)
- window frames
- soft drink cans
- kitchen foil
- used in alloys
NON-FERROUS -aluminium- advantages (3 points)
- easily drawn into thin sheets and wires
- can be recycled
- easily cast
NON-FERROUS-aluminium- disadvantages (2 points)
- expensive
* difficult to weld as specialist equipment needed
NON-FERROUS-copper-properties (4 points)
- malleable
- ductile
- good conductor of heat&electricity
- corrosion resistant
NON-FERROUS-copper-uses (3 points)
- electric cables
- plumbing fittings and pipes
- hot water cylinders
NON-FERROUS-copper-advantages (3 points)
- easily drawn into thin wires
- can be recycled
- easily soldered
NON-FERROUS-copper-disadvantages (2 points)
- expensive
* will tarnish over time
NON-FERROUS-zinc-properties (1 point)
•excellent resistance to corrosion
NON-FERROUS-zinc-uses (2 points)
- protective coverings for railings and dustbins
* negative battery terminals
NON-FERROUS-zinc-advantages (1 point)
•can be recycled
NON-FERROUS- zinc - disadvantages (1 point)
•brittle
NON-FERROUS- brass (alloy) - properties (3 points)
- good resistance to corrosion
- good fluidity, casts well
- good conductor or heat and electricity
NON-FERROUS- brass(alloy)- uses (2 points)
- plumbing fittings
* marine fittings
NON-FERROUS -brass (alloy)- advantages (4 points)
- can be polished to get high lustre finish
- tougher than copper
- can be recycled
- easily cast and turned
NON-FERROUS-brass(alloy)-disadvantages (1 point)
•relatively cheap
what is an alloy ? (+ example)
a metal that is formed by mixing two or more metals and sometimes other elements together
e.g. brass –> 65% copper, 35% zinc
METAL PROPERTIES definition,materials (3), product uses(1) -ductility
> the ability to be drawn/stretched into thinner smaller sections
mild steel, copper, aluminium
electrical cables
METAL PROPERTIES - definition, materials(2), product uses(1), malleability
> the ability to be deformed by compression without tearing or cracking
mild steel, aluminium
car body panels
METAL PROPERTIES
definition, materials (2), product uses(7)-hardness
> the ability to withstand abrasive wear and indentation
stainless steel, high carbon steel
kitchen sinks, chisels, hand saws, plane blades, hacksaw blades, scrubbers + centre punches
METAL PROPERTIES
definition, materials(1), product uses (2)- toughness
> the ability to withstand sudden and shock loading without fracture
mild steel
nails, screws
METAL PROPERTIES- definition, materials(2), product uses(1)- elasticity
> the ability to return to original shape once the deforming force is removed
high carbon steel, silver steel
springs
METAL STRENGTHS
definition, materials+product uses(4)- tension
> the ability of a material to withstand being pulled apart
carbon steel
nails, screws, nuts and bolts
METAL STRENGTHS
definition,materials+ product uses(1)- compression
> the ability of a material to withstand being squashed
mild steel
car body panels
METAL STRENGTHS
definition, materials, product uses(1)- shear
> the ability of a material or joint to withstand being slid or pulled apart
stainless steel
security shear nuts
