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Principles of Vehicle Extrication > Chapter 1: Vehicle Incident Safety > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Vehicle Incident Safety Flashcards

1
Q

A ____ response has many benefits and is an important step in organizing a vehicle incident.

A

predetermined standardized

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2
Q

The primary entities in a standard extrication response plan should understand their role and how they are expected to participate in emergency activities. These entities include:

A
  • Extrication team
  • EMS
  • Fire protection
  • Law enforcement
  • Relevant outside agencies.
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3
Q

A hazard and risk assessment survey will identify ____

A

potential hazards, assess the level of risk within the locale, and determine possible rescue situations that may occur.

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4
Q

The hazard and risk assessment survey should include:

A
  • Traffic flow and patterns based on time of day
  • Weather
  • Terrain
  • Construction
  • Previously identified high-risk areas such as hairpin curves
  • Locations with decreased visibility
  • Alternate response routes and/or traffic diversion routes.
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5
Q

Risk-Benefit Analysis

A

Comparison between the known hazards and potential benefits of any operation; used to determine the feasibility and parameters of the operation.

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6
Q

Environmental factors that may influence a vehicle incident can include the following:

A
  • Weather
  • Time of day
  • Terrain
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7
Q

Extended vehicle extrication operations during inclement weather pose a risk to rescuers and victims. Remain aware of potential ____ at an extrication scene.

A

heat and cold related emergencies

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8
Q

Every year approximately ____ firefighters die on roadways as a result of being struck by vehicles while working in or near moving traffic.

A

six to eight

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9
Q

Rescuers commonly encounter ____, ____, or ____ in or on vehicles during incidents.

A

adhesives, pressurized solvents, or flammable liquids

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10
Q

Assume that all power lines are ____ until ____ by utility service personnel.

A
  • energized

* power has been shut off

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11
Q

When performing size up, identify downed power lines and note ___

A

signs of power outage near the incident, such as buildings without lighting or street lamps that are not working.

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12
Q

While waiting for utility service personnel to arrive at the scene, rescuers should ____ of downed power lines to protect themselves and others

A

cordon off the area

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13
Q

If large fuel spills are present, ____ to prevent runoff may be needed. Manage smaller spills with ____

A
  • damming or diking

* an approved adsorbent, or absorbent material

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14
Q

Components important to incident safety include:

A
  • Training
  • Crew Resource Management
  • Medical component
  • Rehabilitation
  • Recognizing potential hazards
  • Incident Safety Officer (ISO)
  • Personnel accountability
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15
Q

Considerations for training rescuers to function safely during extrication operations:

A
  • Train personnel to use the most appropriate rescue tools and techniques for the task at hand
  • Teach personnel to function as a member of a rescue team to avoid freelancing.
  • Make personnel aware of department SOP’s and any other operational plans developed as part of the IAP.
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16
Q

Considerations for a team leader prior to making assignments to complete operations.

A
  • Experience and/or competence
  • Physical strength and stamina
  • Emotional strength and stability
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17
Q

Every rescuer has the duty to report ____

A

safety concerns and to stop unsafe operations.

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18
Q

Rescuers may turn down assignments under the following conditions:

A
  • The assignment is a violation of safe work practices
  • The environmental conditions make the assignment unsafe
  • The rescuer does not possess the necessary qualifications or experience to complete the assignment.
  • The equipment necessary to complete the assignment is defective or inoperable.
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19
Q

It is best practice to have a ____ available for the rescuers in addition to any other units standing by to treat/ transport the victims.

A

ambulance

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20
Q

The frequency with which crews will need to be rotated through rehab will vary with ____, ____, and ____.

A
  • the conditions
  • the type of PPE being worn
  • the types of activities in which rescuers are engaged.
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21
Q

Hazards rescuers may encounter during extrication operations include:

A
  • Vehicular traffic
  • Downed electrical power lines
  • Leaking vehicle fluids
  • Leaking flammable gas lines
  • Unstable terrain
  • Release of hazardous materials
22
Q

To safely and successfully stabilize an incident, rescuers should be able to:

A
  • Assess the situation (size up)
  • Make informed decisions about how to stabilize the situation
  • Have the ability to devise and implement a plan of action that protects the rescuers and victims from further injury
23
Q

One of the best ways of learning the capabilities and limitations of available resources it through ____

A

realistic joint training exercises held on a regular basis.

24
Q

Controlling a crash scene is critical to the safety of ____, ____, and ____.

A

rescuers, trapped victims, and bystanders.

25
Q

Rescuers should combine their knowledge of ____ with ____ to understand how and why occupants are entrapped in their vehicles.

A
  • vehicle construction

* the dynamics of vehicle crashes

26
Q

Matching the packaging and handling techniques to the ____ minimizes trauma and maximizes ____.

A
  • the victims potential injuries

* their chance for survival

27
Q

To stabilize and access crashed vehicles rescuers should be well trained in the following.

A
  • Knowing procedures for accessing victims trapped in a vehicle and freeing them successfully
  • Using a variety of tools and equipment to manipulate and/or remove major vehicle components.
  • Selection and using the most appropriate tools and equipment to perform these operations
  • Using tools and equipment safely
28
Q

From the standpoint of survival, ____ can be one of the most critical steps in the entire extrication operation.

A

Medical assessment

29
Q

To restore the extrication scene to a safe and environmentally stable condition Rescuers should:

A
  • Remove wrecked vehicles from the scene
  • Mitigate any hazards before the scene is abondoned
  • Isolate any hazards before that cannot be immediately mitigated in order to prevent the public from inadvertently entering a hazardous area
30
Q

Rescuers can use resources such as ____, ____ , or ____ to protect victims during extrication. ____, or ____ may be used to control the temperature directly around the victim.

A
  • salvage covers
  • fire resistant/ extrication blankets
  • rapidly erected canopies
  • Blankets
  • cooling packs
31
Q

Proper scene management reduces ____ and ____ around the vehicle incident.

A
  • congestion and confusion
32
Q

The most common method of organizing a rescue scene is to establish ____.

A

Three operating safety zones:

  • restricted
  • limited access
  • support
33
Q

A well maintained perimeter or barrier is intended to:

A
  • provide a controlled work space
  • protect bystanders from hazards at the incident
  • ensure the use of the personnel accountability system
  • ensure that the location of victims is known
  • protect evidence in the event of a suspicious incident
34
Q

Restricted (Hot) Zone

A

In a rescue or extrication operation, the area where the extrication is taking place. Only personnel who are attending directly to the victims should be in this zone; this avoids crowding and confusion among rescuers.

35
Q

Limited Access (Warm) Zone

A

Large geographical area between the support zone and the restricted zone, for personnel who are directly aiding rescuers in the restricted zone. This includes personnel who are handling hydraulic tool power plants, fire personnel handling standby hose lines, and so on. Personnel in this zone should not get in the way of rescuers working in the restricted zone.

36
Q

Support (Cold) Zone

A

Area that surrounds the limited access (warm) zone and is restricted to emergency response personnel who are not working in either the restricted (hot) zone or the limited access (warm) zone. This zone may include the portable equipment, personnel staging areas, and the command post. Cordon off the outer boundary of this area to the public.

37
Q

The Incident Commander determines the location and establishes zone boundaries based on the following criteria:

A
  • Amount of area needed by emergency personnel to work
  • Degree of hazard presented by elements involved in the incident
  • General topography of the area
38
Q

When establishing a scene security barrier, personnel should leave a controlled opening near ____

A

the ICP

39
Q

Assistant Incident Safety Officer (AISO)

A

Individual who reports to the Incident Safety Officer and assist with monitoring hazards and safe operations for designated portions of the operation at large or complex incidents.

40
Q

The only time the ISO intervenes at the tactical level is ____

A

to stop an unsafe act or prevent an injury.

41
Q

What are some of the roles of the Incident Safety Officer?

A
  • Ensure that rehab is established.
  • Monitor the scene and report the status of conditions, hazards, and risks to the IC
  • Ensure that a personnel accountability system is being used.
  • Ensure all personnel understand the IAP
  • Provide the IC with a risk assessment of the IAP
  • Ensure a plan for treatment and transport of any ill or injured rescuers
  • Suggest safety zones, collapse zones, a hot zone, and other designated hazard area.
  • Evaluate motor vehicle traffic hazards
  • Monitor radio transmissions to ensure proper and effective communications
  • Identify the need for additional AISO’s
  • Evaluate hazards associated with helicopter landings.
42
Q

Traffic control

A

Important function of scene management that helps to control scene access and vehicular traffic in and out of the area. This function is generally handled by law enforcement personnel.

43
Q

Do not ____ while positioning traffic control devices. Maintain ____ with traffic at all times.

A
  • turn your back on traffic

* visual contact

44
Q

Position signs well ahead of the accident site, on the ____ side of the roadway (no closer than ____ from the road edge) facing oncoming traffic.

A
  • accident side

* 24 inches

45
Q

The following guidelines should be followed when placing traffic channeling devices:

A
  • Position the devices in a tapered line from the edge of the roadway on the side of the accident to the edge of the clear lane(s).
  • Use a minimum of six cones or reflective devices.
  • Place the first taper cone just behind the flagger (if used)
  • Continue placing cones slightly closer to the accident and further into the traffic lanes until the taper is complete.
46
Q

Tactical Worksheet

A

Document that the IC may use on the fireground to track units and record field notes during the incident; could evolve into a written IAP if an incident escalates in size or complexity.

47
Q

IAP usually contain the following elements:

A
  • Tactical worksheet
  • Incident briefing
  • Incident objectives
  • Organization
  • Assignments
  • Support materials
  • Safety message
48
Q

Meeting the personnel protection and life safety incident priority involves:

A
  • A safe response by emergency personnel
  • Implementing the Incident Command System
  • Providing scene safety by controlling and protecting the scene from oncoming traffic or interference from curious bystanders
  • Determining the condition of victims and how their condition may impact the types of tools and procedures used
  • Conducting the operation in a safe manner
  • Protecting trapped victims during the operation
49
Q

Meeting the Incident Stabilization incident priority involves:

A
  • Maintaining scene control and protection
  • Stabilizing the vehicles
  • Stabilizing and removing trapped victims
  • Eliminating sources of ignition
  • Providing fire protection and hazardous materials control as needed
50
Q

Meeting the Property and Environmental Conservation incident priority involves:

A
  • Developing and adopting procedures that result in as little property damage as possible and are consistent with achieving incident objectives
  • Using nondestructive techniques that accomplish the objective as fast of faster than other more destructive techniques.
  • Providing security for unprotected property at the conclusion of the operation
  • Protecting the environment by preventing gasoline, hydraulic fluids, battery acids, coolants, or other contaminants from funning into sewer drains or streams.
51
Q

The IC should consider the following questions when determining the need for additional resources:

A
  • What has happened?
  • What is happening?
  • Are the current resources going to be enough to mitigate the incident?
  • What additional resources may be necessary?
52
Q

Additional resources the IC may need in order to establish the IAP in more complex incidents.

A
  • Structural or mechanical engineers
  • Chemists or hazardous materials specialists
  • Railroad officials
  • Farmers or agricultural extension agents
  • Industrial plant maintenance or engineering personnel
  • Elevator mechanics or building engineers
  • Mine, cave, or tunnel rescue experts
  • Heavy equipment operators
  • Construction engineers
  • Physicians
  • Military specialists

Principles of Vehicle Extrication (12 decks)

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