Chapter 1 - topic 3 Flashcards
The self has many
aspects
the aspects of the self are (Self PAKE)
Self-awareness, self-esteem, self-knowledge, and self-perception
With the aspect, the person is able to _____ , ____, ____ himself or herself for the purpose of gaining social acceptance
alter, change, add, and/or modify himself or herself
The self is an important study in
psychology
It holds that either the self is ____ or the ____ representation of the individual
cognitive or the affective
Cognitive is relating to or involving _______ activity
conscious intellectual activity
____ is relating to or arising from feelings influenced by emotions.
Affective
The persistent question, ____ is rooted in the human need to understand the basis of the experiences of the “self”
“who am I?”
When people are asked to explain their understanding of the world, the usual answer are:
“It is who I am”
“It’s me, my essence”
“Its what makes me unique and different from everyone else”
Philosophers from____ to ____ times sought to describe the essential qualities that compose a person’s uniqueness
ancient to contemporary times
Sociology sees “self” as a product of ______, developed overtime through social activities and experiences.
product of social interactions
Anthropology views the “self” as a ____ or ____.
cultural shaped construct or idea.
they assert that it is an autonomous participant in the society as much as it is submerged in the community. who are they
Anthropologists
Eastern and Western Civilization, talked about the great “myths” of the self. However, it is not a false story, but rather it is used as a means to _____
means to interpret a reality.
For the west, the world is an artifact, meaning there is a ______ between the ____ and the ____
there is a clear distinction between the creator and the creation.
For the east, the world is a drama and all things______
are actors with specific parts to play.
Philosophy is from the greek words
philo and sophia
philo means
loving
sophia means
knowledge or wisdom
in simple terms , philosophy means
loving knowledge or loving wisdom
originally, the greek philosophy means
the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake
Beginning with socrates, the kinds of questions the ancient scholars asked themselves
began to shiftedsc
socrates year
496-399 bc
in socrates time, they become more concerned with
human than matter
socrates was concerned about APEE
aesthetics, political behaviors, ethics, and economics
he was one of first social scientists
socrates
He spoke with psyche which translated literally, means ___ or ___
spirit or soul.
some of socrates’ ideas:
the soul is immortal
the care of the soul is the task of philosophy
virtue is necessary to attain happiness
one of the most quoted phrases of socrates
the unexamined life is not worth living
For Socrates, self-knowledge or the examination of oneself, as well as the question about how one ought to live one’s life, are very important concerns because
only by knowing yourself can you hope to improve your life
he believed that you as a person should consciously contemplate, turn your gaze inward, and analyze the true nature and values that are guiding your life.
socrates
The state of your inner being (soul/self) determines ______ by socrates
the quality of your life
socrates said existence is ___ kinds
2
what are the 2 kinds of existence
the visible and invisible
the ____ existence change
visible
the _______ existence remains constant
invisible
the ___ is visible, changes
body
the kind of invisible to humans such as the
mind
socrates also believe that the goal of life is to be
happy
for socrates, the virtuous person, is a
happy person
virtue is defined as a
moral excellence
An individual virtuous if his/her is made up of moral qualities (CTPJ)
courage, temperance, prudence, and justice
Socrates said that the most important thing in life is
the state of his/her soul and the acts of taking care of the soul through self-knowledge
Where did the ideas exist? “In the world beyond the heavens” said
plato
it appears that he believed in a soul as immaterial and immortal in a more spiritual sense.
Plato
this conception of a spiritual soul would be considered an exemption of the beliefs and attitudes that prevailed that time because
Greek of the time was very naturalistic
for him, the soul is indeed the most divine aspect of the human being
Plato
However, Plato’s concept of the divine is not spiritual being but rather one that has an
intellectual connotation.
The ________ is the aspect of the human beings by which the forms or ideas are known
self/soul/mind
what are the parts of the soul
The appetitive - sensual
The rational - reasoning
The spirited - feelings
the element that enjoys sensual experiences,
The appetitive - sensual
the element that forbids the person to enjoy the sensual experiences
The rational - reasoning
the element that is inclined towards reason and understands the demands of passion
the spirited-feelings
ST. AUGUSTINE AD
354-430 ad
Born in North Africa of a pagan father and a christian mother.
St. Augustine
St. Augustine,
After a youth of revelry, he converted to Christianity at the age of
33
St, Augustine later become the bishop of
of hippo in north africa
st augustine believe that a human should not be corruoted by worldly affairs, for true ______________.
knowledge was to come from God and not from an examination of the world of nature.
believed that the soul held the truth and was capable of scientific thinking
st. augustine
st. augustine concept of self was an
inner, immaterial “I” that had self knowledge and self awareness.
believed that human beings were both a soul and body, the body possessed the senses, as imagination, memory, reason, and the mind through which the soul experienced the world.
st. augustine
The soul ______________________, in the same manner, that Adam was animated. Through understanding it was possible for the soul to know God.
was created by God at the same time the body was created
Was the most interested in psychological issues
rene descartes
He knew about the action of the muscles, nerves, and other biological structures.
rene descartes
Many actions of the human body operated in a purely
mechanical way
Unlike animals, humans were endowed with ____
souls.
Although the body and soul are connected in some way, they were still different substances-
the soul was un-extended matter, and the body is the extended matter.
i think therefore i am is by
rene descartes
became a fundamental element of Western philosophy as it secured the foundation of knowledge in the face of radical doubt.
cogito ergo sum
Everything perceived by the senses could not be used as proof of existence because
human senses could be fooled.
Everything perceived by the senses could not be used as proof of existence because human senses could be fooled.
rene descartes
There was only one thing we could be sure of in this world, and that everything could be doubted.
rene descartes
By doubting our own existence, can make us “thinking entities”
rene descartes
Rene Descartes’ claim about the self are:
It is only constant; it is not prone to change; and it is not affected by time.
Only the immaterial soul remains the same throughout the time.
The immaterial soul is the source of our identity
at birth the mind could be considered analogous to a blank sheet of paper, tabula rasa.
john lockeo
john locke year
1632-1704
for john locke, the mind is passive and
could only do 2 things
what are the 2 things the mind could do according to john locke
1st, it could receive experiences from the outside world: this involved the act of sensing.
2nd, the mind could reflect upon itself
“Self” is identified with consciousness and this “self” consists of sameness and consciousness, which consists of memory.
true or flase
true
“Self” is identified with consciousness and this “self” consists of sameness and consciousness, which consists of memory. this was by
john locke
A person’s memories provide continuity of experience that allows him/her to be the same person over time. This theory of personal identity allows_____ to justify a defense of accountability
john locke
According to ____, since the person is the same “self” in the passing of time, he/she can be held ____ for past behaviors.
locke; accountable
Mind is nothing but a heap or collection of perceptions, unified by certain relations and supposed through falsely to be endowed with a perfect simplicity and identity.
david hume
according to david hume, All we knew was that we had ____ (sensations) and ___.
impressions (sensations) and ideas.
according to david hume, We believed only that there was a real object only because our _______ fit together
impressions fit together.
true or false :
according to davide hume, the mind did exist apart from impressions
false; the mind did not
according to david hume,We had no way of knowledge that anything exists apart from ____.
experiences
All Hume found was a flowing stream of _____ and _____
impressions and ideas.
Hume is identified with the _____ wherein he described the “self” or person (which huma assume to be the “mind”) as a bundle or collection of different perceptions that are moving in a very fast and successive manner. He calls this “perpetual flux”
bundle theory
Human intellect and experiences are limited, therefore, it is impossible to attribute it to an independent persistent entity (such as soul)
by?
david hume
Hume concluded that the “self” is
merely made up of successive impressions.
Did not believe in the existence of the self. He stressed that your perceptions are only active for as long as you are conscious. who is this?
david hume
according to hume, Perception can be removed _____, you can no longer sense yourself then you also cease to exist.
for any time,
Hume seemed to reduce the “self” as a
light bulb that may be switched on or off.
