Chapter 1

Question 1

“watch your thoughts; the become words
watch your words; the become habits
watch your habits; they become character
watch your character; it become your destiny”
this is by

Answer 1

lao tzu

Question 2

They see humans as the bearers if irreplaceable values

Answer 2

ancient Grecian philosophers

Question 3

he belief that the body constitutes individuality

Answer 3

st. thomas aquinas

Question 4

this famous quote is the epitome of western idea of self

Answer 4

“i think therfore i am”

Question 5

the western tradition is generally acknowledged to be “imbued with a style of thinking based on ____ and ___

Answer 5

dichotomy and binary opposition

Question 6

the earliest religious writings in the east are the

Answer 6

vedas

Question 7

the vedas, it formed the _____ philosophy and _____

Answer 7

Hindu philosophy and dharma

Question 8

this is the principle of cosmic order

Answer 8

dharma

Question 9

the chants and hymns in the vedas illustrate the _________________ rather than a creation that is completely unified with the creator, with no distinction

Answer 9

eastern mindset of nondual universe

Question 10

according to these sacred Hindu texts, the true nature of human is described as

Answer 10

brahman

Question 11

it is the divine universal consciousness encompassing the universe

Answer 11

Brahman

Question 12

it is the self that is all within us

Answer 12

brahman

Question 13

Buddhism is composed of the teachings of

Answer 13

buddha

Question 14

in this tradition, self is not an entity, substance, or essence, rather, self is a dynamic process

Answer 14

buddhism

Question 15

for buddhism self is a dynamic process that is ___ and ___

Answer 15

interdependent and ever changing

Question 16

the buddha taught the doctrine called __ which is often defined as no self or no soul

Answer 16

anatta

Question 17

anatta is a concept that the sense of ________________

Answer 17

being a permanent autonomous self or soul inhibiting the body or living our lives

Question 18

buddhist tradition holds that the human being is born

Answer 18

erroneous

Question 19

buddhist tradition holds that the human being is born erroneous view of self as an enduring entity is the cause of his/her suffering because he/she

Answer 19

tries to hold on to that which is in constant flux or flowing or changing

Question 20

in buddhism new _____ is needed

Answer 20

new corrective experience of the self is needed

Question 21

buddhism takes a great _________________________ their self rather than their abstract ideas of it

Answer 21

takes a great interest in how people experience their self

Question 22

buddhist practices are designed

Answer 22

to lead a new experience of self

Question 23

In Confucianism, the quest for the “self” in terms of substance, of spirit, of body, or of essence

Answer 23

does not exist

Question 24

The form that Confucius wrote about the concept of “self” is that of

Answer 24

personality

Question 25

The qualities that form a person’s character are not something that exists inherently.
this is in what belief?

Answer 25

confucianism

Question 26

Rather, in Confucian thought it is something that is formed through ____ and the ______.

Answer 26

upbringing and the environment .

Question 27

Confucian philosophy presented the idea that every person is born with

Answer 27

four beginnings

Question 28

However, these do not yet comprise the concept of “self” but when perceived together, it could be explained in Western terms as a ______ or a ____

Answer 28

“pre-self” or a “potentional self.”

Question 29

These four beginnings are:

Answer 29

Heart of compassion that leads to Jen (goodwill, sympathy);
Heart of righteousness that leads to Yi (duty, respect);
Heart of propriety that leads to Li; (right conduct & attitude)
Heart of wisdom the leads to Chih (wisdom by putting jen, yi, and li into practice).

Question 30

Personality is an achieved state of_______ rather than a given human condition.

Answer 30

moral excellence

Question 31

this rejects a hierarchical view of self, society, or cosmos.

Answer 31

taoism

Question 32

Taoism does not regard “self” as an extension of social relationships, but one of the countless manifestations of the Tao, an extension of the ___

Answer 32

cosmos

Question 33

According to Chuang-tzu, “the perfect man has no self; the spiritual man has no achievement; the true sage (wise) has no name. The ideals is,

Answer 33

selflessness

Question 34

In _____ conception of selfhood entails conscious self-transformation leading the attributes of a balanced life in harmony with booth nature and society.

Answer 34

Chuang-tzu’s

Question 35

The arabic word for the word “self” in ____ written in The Qur’an.

Answer 35

Nafs

Question 36

nafs pertain to the ___ or the ____

Answer 36

psyche or the soul

Question 37

the totality of the conscious and unconscious human mind

Answer 37

psyche

Question 38

The Qur’an does not ascribe ______ or _____ to the “nafs/self.”

Answer 38

any property of goodness or evil

Question 39

Instead, the “nafs/self” is something, which has to be _____ and _____, so that it can progress into becoming “good” through its thoughts and actions.

Answer 39

nurtured and self-regulate

Question 40

The “self” is Islamic tradition is used both in the _______ and _______.

Answer 40

individualistic and collective sense

Question 41

differences between the east and west

Answer 41

Broadly speaking, western society strives to find and prove “the truth,”While eastern society accepts the truth as given and is more interested in finding the balance.

Westerners put more stock in individual rights; easterners in social responsibility.

For the eastern philosophy, nirvana signifies the end of the eternal cycle of reincarnation; For the westerners, everything must be accounted for with this lifetime.