Chapter 1 Flashcards
“watch your thoughts; the become words
watch your words; the become habits
watch your habits; they become character
watch your character; it become your destiny”
this is by
lao tzu
They see humans as the bearers if irreplaceable values
ancient Grecian philosophers
he belief that the body constitutes individuality
st. thomas aquinas
this famous quote is the epitome of western idea of self
“i think therfore i am”
the western tradition is generally acknowledged to be “imbued with a style of thinking based on ____ and ___
dichotomy and binary opposition
the earliest religious writings in the east are the
vedas
the vedas, it formed the _____ philosophy and _____
Hindu philosophy and dharma
this is the principle of cosmic order
dharma
the chants and hymns in the vedas illustrate the _________________ rather than a creation that is completely unified with the creator, with no distinction
eastern mindset of nondual universe
according to these sacred Hindu texts, the true nature of human is described as
brahman
it is the divine universal consciousness encompassing the universe
Brahman
it is the self that is all within us
brahman
Buddhism is composed of the teachings of
buddha
in this tradition, self is not an entity, substance, or essence, rather, self is a dynamic process
buddhism
for buddhism self is a dynamic process that is ___ and ___
interdependent and ever changing
the buddha taught the doctrine called __ which is often defined as no self or no soul
anatta
anatta is a concept that the sense of ________________
being a permanent autonomous self or soul inhibiting the body or living our lives
buddhist tradition holds that the human being is born
erroneous
buddhist tradition holds that the human being is born erroneous view of self as an enduring entity is the cause of his/her suffering because he/she
tries to hold on to that which is in constant flux or flowing or changing
in buddhism new _____ is needed
new corrective experience of the self is needed
buddhism takes a great _________________________ their self rather than their abstract ideas of it
takes a great interest in how people experience their self
buddhist practices are designed
to lead a new experience of self
In Confucianism, the quest for the “self” in terms of substance, of spirit, of body, or of essence
does not exist
The form that Confucius wrote about the concept of “self” is that of
personality
The qualities that form a person’s character are not something that exists inherently.
this is in what belief?
confucianism
Rather, in Confucian thought it is something that is formed through ____ and the ______.
upbringing and the environment .
Confucian philosophy presented the idea that every person is born with
four beginnings
However, these do not yet comprise the concept of “self” but when perceived together, it could be explained in Western terms as a ______ or a ____
“pre-self” or a “potentional self.”
These four beginnings are:
Heart of compassion that leads to Jen (goodwill, sympathy);
Heart of righteousness that leads to Yi (duty, respect);
Heart of propriety that leads to Li; (right conduct & attitude)
Heart of wisdom the leads to Chih (wisdom by putting jen, yi, and li into practice).
Personality is an achieved state of_______ rather than a given human condition.
moral excellence
this rejects a hierarchical view of self, society, or cosmos.
taoism
Taoism does not regard “self” as an extension of social relationships, but one of the countless manifestations of the Tao, an extension of the ___
cosmos
According to Chuang-tzu, “the perfect man has no self; the spiritual man has no achievement; the true sage (wise) has no name. The ideals is,
selflessness
In _____ conception of selfhood entails conscious self-transformation leading the attributes of a balanced life in harmony with booth nature and society.
Chuang-tzu’s
The arabic word for the word “self” in ____ written in The Qur’an.
Nafs
nafs pertain to the ___ or the ____
psyche or the soul
the totality of the conscious and unconscious human mind
psyche
The Qur’an does not ascribe ______ or _____ to the “nafs/self.”
any property of goodness or evil
Instead, the “nafs/self” is something, which has to be _____ and _____, so that it can progress into becoming “good” through its thoughts and actions.
nurtured and self-regulate
The “self” is Islamic tradition is used both in the _______ and _______.
individualistic and collective sense
differences between the east and west
Broadly speaking, western society strives to find and prove “the truth,”While eastern society accepts the truth as given and is more interested in finding the balance.
Westerners put more stock in individual rights; easterners in social responsibility.
For the eastern philosophy, nirvana signifies the end of the eternal cycle of reincarnation; For the westerners, everything must be accounted for with this lifetime.
