Chapter 1 - Tissue and Organs, Chemistry of food and Enzymes Flashcards
What is a tissue?
A living tissue is made from a group of cells with a similar structure and function, which all work together to do a particular job.
What are examples of tissues?
- Muscle
- The lining of the intestine
- The lining of the lungs
- Phloem (tubes that carry dissolved sugar around a plant)
- Root hair tissue (for plants to take up water and minerals from the soil)
What is an organ?
An organ is made from a group of different tissues, which all work together to do a particular job.
What are examples of organs
- Heart
- Lung
- Stomach
- Brain
- Leaf
- Root
What are organ systems?
An organ system is made from a group of different organs, which all work together to do a particular job.
What are examples of organ systems
- Circulatory system
- Respiratory system
- Digestive system
- Nervous system
- Reproductive system
- Leaf canopy
What is the order of size (smallest to Largest): tissues, organ systems, cells, organs, organism
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
What are the three main types of food?
Carbs (energy) - glucose
lipids (fats) - glycerol
Protein (repair) - amino acids
What are properties of carbohydrates?
- They are made up of simple sugars
- complex carbohydrates are made up of lines of simple sugars
What are properties of lipids?
- They consist of three molecules of fatty acids bonded to a molecule of glycerol
- Lipids are fats (solids) and oils (liquid)
What are the properties of proteins?
- protein molecules are made up of long chains of amino acids. They take longer to break down in the stomach
What is the enzyme for protein
proteases
What is the enzyme for lipids?
lipases
What is the enzyme for carbohydrates?
Amylese
What is an enzyme part of?
A protein
What is the optimum temperature for an emzyme?
37°C
What enzyme is found in the mouth and at what ph does it work best at?
Amalayse - 6-8ph
What enzyme is found in the stomach and at what ph does it work best at?
protease - 2ph
What enzyme is found in the small intestine and at what ph does it work best at?
Lipease - 6-8ph
Protease - 6-8ph
carbohydrase - 6-8ph
how is the protease enzyme changed ph?
bile is added from the gullbladder as it is a high alkiline
What happens when the ph is wrong for the enzyme?
The enzyme will become denatured as the alkiline has OH- and the acids have OH+. This means that the ph can change the attractions.
What happens when the ph and temp change?
They become denatured.
