Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Chapter 1: Thorax > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Which pericardial layer can feel pain? Why?

A

the parietal layer can feel pain b/c it’s innervated by the phrenic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If you have pain in your pericardium, where are you likely to have referred pain?

A

top of your shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s the path of the phrenic nerve?

A

comes off brainstem, passes anterior to anterior scalene, innervates parietal pericardium, and then passes posterior to the vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Do pulmonary veins carry oxy or deoxy blood? Where do they come off of?

A

carry oxygenated blood; come off of lungs and dump into the left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What three structures drain into the right atrium?

A

coronary sinus, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do the right and left coronary arteries branch off into?

A

right = right anterior descending a. (right interventricular) and right marginal a.
left (shorter) = circumflex a. branch and left anterior descending a. (left interventricular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What vein courses with the left coronary artery?

A

great cardiac vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The small cardiac vein runs with what artery?

A

right marginal a. (off of right coronary artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F: The left coronary artery supplies only the left ventricle.

A

false, supplies some of right ventricle too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What major vessel does the right coronary artery run next to?

A

pulmonary a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F: There’s a brachiocephalic v. on both left and right sides.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Discuss the brachiocephalic v.; what it drains into, what it is formed from, etc.

A

On both R and L:

 - subclavian v. and internal jugular v. both merge to form the brachiocephalic trunk on both sides
 - brachiocephalic trunk on R and L both merge to form the superior vena cava, draining into the right atrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the widower’s artery?

A

left anterior descending a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which arteries are able to create their own bypasses, should plaque develop?

A

coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What gives blood supply to the interventricular septum?

A

right coronary a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the largest vein of the heart?

A

coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What was the fossa ovale called in eutero? What was its significance?

A
  • foramen ovale = shunted blood from the right atrium to the left, bypassing the lungs since those weren’t needed in birth
  • if the foramen ovale doesn’t close after birth, it’s mixing oxy blood with deoxy blood, which needs surgical intervention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Your vagus nerve is responsible for doing what to your heart rate?

A

slowing it down (parasympathetic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pectinate muscle is found where in the heart?

A

Only in the right atrium; left atrium blood just sinks mostly from gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the origin for pectinate muscle called?

A

crista terminale; soft ridge at edge of atria, divides smooth wall from muscular wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What structure allows you to shortcut the bundle of His during conduction?

A

septomarginal band, found only in the right ventricle near the conus arteriosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the strings of the tricuspid and mitral valves called?

A

chordae tendonae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What two structures NEED to close at birth, otherwise there will be a mix of deoxy and oxy blood in the baby?

A

1) ductus arteriosus; becomes ligamentus arteriosus (between pulmonary trunk and aorta)
2) foramen ovale; becomes fossa ovale (between right and left atria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In systole, what valves are open and which are closed?

A

• ventricles are contracting here, “lub”, so:

 - tricuspid and mitral are closed to prevent backflow into atria
 - aortic and pulmonary valves are open to get blood into systemic circuit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In diastole, which valves are open and which are closed?

A

• ventricles relaxed here, “dub”, so blood is flowing into them
- aortic and pulmonary are closed to prevent backflow into ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

hardening of the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A patient has a diastolic heart rate of 97. What does this tell you?

A

The pressure the blood places on the arteries at rest is considerably higher than normal; their blood vessels are getting little time to rest between heart beats.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are auricles? What are they for?

A
  • auricles = extra space in the right and left atrium for blood overflow, if needed
  • used during exercise maybe?
29
Q

Explain why hypertension or stenosis causes issues for the heart.

A
  • HTN or stenosis causes resistance against the heart pumping, so the left ventricle has to work harder
  • trabeculae of the ventricle becomes thicker to pump more, which decreases the chamber size, so heart has to pump more, which hypertrophys the left ventricle…etc
30
Q

What’s the order of the conducting system?

A

SA node -> AV node (delay) -> bundle of His -> purkinje fibers (which spread through ventricles)

31
Q

Where are the SA and AV nodes located?

A

SA is by the superior vena cava, AV is by the tricuspid valve

32
Q

Your patient has a sclerotic tricuspid valve. What part of the heart needs to work especially hard to overcome this sclerotic tissue?

A

right atrium

33
Q

What does the moderator band do?

A

shortcuts the bundle of His for the conducting system

34
Q

What fibers have the ability to slow the heart rate?

A

parasympathetic fibers, vagus nerve

35
Q

Where do the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system start?

A

in the ganglion of the vagus nucleus, which is in the brainstem

36
Q

Where do the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system start?

A

in the lateral horns

37
Q

Which lateral horns innervate the sympathetic heart fiber s?

A

T2-T5

38
Q

How does the heart know to speed up or slow down its rhythm?

A

via parasympathetic/sympathetic nerves

39
Q

The lateral horns are associated with what nervous system?

A

sympathetic nervous system

40
Q

What all does glossopharyngeal, CN 9, innervate?

A

1) carotid sinus
2) gag reflex
3) posterior 1/3 of tongue, sensory and special
4) parotid gland

41
Q

What all does hypoglossal, CN 12, innervate?

A

1) intrinsic and extrinsic motor of tongue

2) baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in carotid sinus/body

42
Q

What all does facial nerve innervate?

A

facial muscles, lacrimal gland, nasal mucosa, sublingual and submandibular glands, ant. 2/3 of tongue (taste)

43
Q

Explain autonomic disreflexia.

A
  • spinal cord lesion usually above C6
  • pt has severe high BP, redness, sweating, headache b/c pressure is too high
  • this occurs because of an irritant down below (kink in catheter, bed sore) causes the brain to increase BP; the brain tries to tell body that this message is no longer needed, but it can’t make it so BP keeps rising
44
Q

What innervates the parietal layer of the heart?

A

phrenic, C3-5

45
Q

Where can referred pain be for the heart? (3 places)

A

1) C3-5 from phrenic can refer pain to top of shoulder
2) heart is same level as T2, which is innervated by intercostal brachial nerve, following along med. antebrachial cutaneous, so that’s pain down the arm
3) vagus n. also innervates heart, so referred pain can be indigestion or jaw

46
Q

What are the main two innervations for the heart?

A

vagus n. and sympathetic trunk

47
Q

How does MI present in men vs. women?

A 
men = pain down arm, indigestion
women = indigestion, jaw pain, maybe arm pain
48
Q

T/F: The sympathetic trunk innervates the blood vessels, allowing the aorta to constrict and dilate.

A

true

49
Q

What cranial nerves are parasympathetic?

A

vagus, occulomotor, glossopharyngeal, facial (3,7,9,10)

50
Q

Lateral horns extend to what level? But heart only uses them to what level?

A

T1-T5 for heart, but go down to L2

51
Q

Does the right vagus n. go anterior or posterior to the esophagus?

A

posterior, like right posterior descending a.

52
Q

What 2 veins drain the posterior mediastinum?

A

azygous and hemiazygous veins

53
Q

T/F: The thoracic duct drains into the venous system.

A

true

54
Q

Where do the intercostal veins dump into?

A

azygous vein

55
Q

What 3 structures travel together through the aortic hiatus?

A

thoracic duct, thoracic aorta, azygous vein; all pierce at T12

56
Q

What are the compression sites for the esophagus?

A

1) arch of aorta
2) left main bronchus
3) through diaphragm at esophageal opening

57
Q

T/F: The superior articulating facets on the ribs articulate with the vertebra of the same level.

A

false, inferior articulating facet

58
Q

What is the potential space below the lungs called?

A

costodiaphramic space

59
Q

What separates the innermost and internal intercostals?

A

VAN

60
Q

Why do you see streaks along the ribs in herpes zoster?

A

because it follows the intercostal nerves which streak along the ribs; doesn’t cross the sternum though b/c no nerves there

61
Q

What compresses and what is compressed in thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

scalenes or an extra rib, or high up rib, could compress the brachial plexus or subclavian a.

62
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament made up of?

A

visceral and parietal layers coming together on the lung

63
Q

The lingula is an extension of what lobe?

A

superior lobe of left lung

64
Q

What allows for the lymphatic communication between either side of the sternum?

A

parasternal nodes

65
Q

In what mediastinal cavity is the heart located?

A

middle inferior mediastinum

66
Q

In what mediastinal cavity are the esophagus and trachea found?

A

posterior mediastinum

67
Q

Where do structures enter or leave the lungs?

A

in the superior mediastinum via the thoracic outlet

68
Q

T/F: Each segment of the bronchi has its own blood flow and nerve supply.

A

true, so you can resect one off and the lung will still function

Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions