Chapter 1 The Systematic Design Of Instruction

Question 1

What is meant by the term SYSTEM?

Answer 1

A set of interrelated parts, all of which work together toward a defined goal.

Question 2

How can the instructional process be viewed as a system?

Answer 2

A system whose purpose is to bring about learning. The components are:
Learners
Instructional Materials
& the Learning Environment

All interacting to achieve a goal

Question 3

What does ISD stand for?

Answer 3

Instructional Systems Design

Question 4

What does ID stand for?

Answer 4

Instructional Design

Question 5

Define the term instruction:

Answer 5

The purposeful activity intended to cause, guide, or support learning.

Question 6

The range of activities that can serve as instruction is limited by…

Answer 6

The imagination of teachers, designers and students.

Question 7

What is the central point of view of CONSTRUCTIVISM?

Answer 7

Learning is a unique product “constructed” by each individual learner combining new information with existing knowledge and experiences.

Question 8

How do individuals learn using the constructivism model?

Answer 8

By constructing new mental representations of the social, cultural,physical and intellectual environments in which they live.

Question 9

In the constructivist view, what is the primary role of the teacher?

Answer 9

To create appropriate learning environments with authentic representations of real practices.

Question 10

Name the five steps in a Continuous Improvement Cycle.

Answer 10

P- Plan
D- Develop
I- Implement
E- Evaluate
R- Revise

Question 11

Define ENTRY SKILLS:

Answer 11

Skills needed by learners to be successful in the new instruction.

Example: must understand radius and diameter before learning circumference and area of a circle.

Question 12

How many steps are used in the Systems Approach Model?

Answer 12

Ten

Question 13

List the steps in the Systems Approach Model:

Answer 13

I- Identify Instructional Goals
C- Conduct Instructional Analysis
A- Analyze Learners and Contexts
W- Write Performance Objectives
D- Develop Assessment Instruments
D- Develop Instructional Strategy
DS- Develop and Select Instructional Materials
DC- Design and Conduct Formative Evaluation
R- Revise Instruction
DC- Design and Conduct Summative Evaluation

Question 14

Define INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

Answer 14

Print or other mediated instruction used by a student to achieve an instructional goal.

Question 15

Define FORMATIVE EVALUATION:

Answer 15

Evaluation conducted while a program is being developed.

Question 16

What is a One-to-one evaluation?

Answer 16

The first stage of formative evaluation between the designer and the test student.

Question 17

What is a small-group evaluation?

Answer 17

The second stage of the formative evaluation where students complete the program and are tested to evaluate the instruction.

Question 18

What is a field-trial evaluation?

Answer 18

The third stage in formative evaluation where the program is tested in the environment.

Question 19

What is a SUMMATIVE EVALUATION?

Answer 19

The final evaluation for effectiveness of instruction. NOT part of the design process. Determines value of instruction. Is done only after formative evaluation has been completed. It is NOT done by the designer.

Question 20

Define SYSTEMS APPROACH:

Answer 20

Interacting components that together produce instruction to satisfy needs expressed in a goal.

Question 21

Why use the systems approach? (4 reasons it is effective)

Answer 21

1. Requires focus on what learners are to know when instruction ends.
2. The interlocking connection between each component.
3. **It is empirical and replicable.
4. Is an outcomes-based approach that begins with a clear understanding of the new knowledge/skills that students will learn.