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Anatomy 1 > Chapter 1: The Sciences of A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Sciences of A&P Flashcards

1
Q

what is cytology

A

study of body cells and their internal structure

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1
Q

what is histology

A

study of tissues

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2
Q

what is gross anatomy

A

studies structures visible to naked eye or through dissection

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3
Q

what is systemic anatomy

A

study anatomy of each body system

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4
Q

what is regional anatomy

A

study structures in a body region

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5
Q

what is surface anatomy

A

focuses on superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures

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6
Q

what is comparative anatomy

A

examines anatomical similarities and differences in different species

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7
Q

what is embryology

A

studies developmental changes from conception to birth

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8
Q

what is pathological anatomy

A

examines macroscopic and microscopic anatomic changes resulting from disease

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9
Q

what is radiographic anatomy

A

investigates internal structures visualized by scanning procedures

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10
Q

what are the properties common to all living things

A

organization, metabolism(catabolism&anabolism), responsiveness, growth and development, reproduction, homeostasis, regulation

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11
Q

what is metabolism

A

sum of all chemical reactions that occur in body

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12
Q

what is anabolism

A

small molecules join to form larger ones(building up)

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13
Q

what is catabolism

A

large molecules get broken down into smaller ones

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14
Q

responsiveness

A

ability to sense and react to stimuli

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15
Q

what is regulation

A

ability to adjust internal bodily functions to accommodate environment changes

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16
Q

what is the smallest unit of matter

A

atom

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17
Q

at the chemical level, what is the order from simplest to complex

A

atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle

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18
Q

what is the smallest living structure

A

cell

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19
Q

What is the order from simplest to most complex at the cellular level

A

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

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20
Q

what are the 4 types of tissues and their functions

A

epithelial(covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities), connective(protects, binds, supports structures and organs), muscle(movement, generates heat through contraction), nervous(conducts nerve impulses for communication

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21
Q

What are the 11 organ systems

A

muscular, respiratory, digestive, integumentary, cardiovascular, endocrine, reproductive, urinary, nervous, skeletal

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22
Q

what structures are within the integumentary system

A

hair, nails, skin, and glands

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23
Q

what structures are within the skeletal system

A

bones, cartilage, joints

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24
Q

what structures are within the muscular system

A

muscles, tendons, ligaments

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25
Q

what structures are within the nervous system

A

neurons, nerves, glial cells

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26
Q

what structures are within the endocrine system

A

glands and associated organs

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27
Q

what structures are within the cardiovascular system

A

heart, blood vessels, blood

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28
Q

what structures are within the lymphatic system

A

lymphatic vessels, lymph, and primary and secondary lymphatic organs

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29
Q

what structures are within the respiratory system

A

nose, respiratory tract, lungs, bronchial tree

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30
Q

what organs and structures are within the urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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31
Q

what structures are within the digestive system

A

mouth, GI tract, anus

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32
Q

What structures are within the reproductive system

A

reproductive tract, associated glands, external genetalia

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33
Q

what does the term caudal mean

A

toward rear/tail end

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34
Q

what does the term rostral mean

A

toward nose/mouth

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35
Q

what is the order from superficial to deep

A

skin, adipose, muscle, bone, organs

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36
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

37
Q

antecubital

A

the front of the elbow region

38
Q

auricular

A

visible surface structures of the ear

39
Q

axillary

A

armpit

40
Q

buccal

A

cheek

41
Q

calcaneal

A

heel of foot

42
Q

cephalic

A

head

43
Q

cervical

A

neck

44
Q

coxal

A

hip

45
Q

cranial

A

skull

46
Q

crural

A

leg portion between knee and ankle

47
Q

fibular

A

lateral aspect of the leg

48
Q

frontal

A

forehead

49
Q

hallux

A

great toe

50
Q

inguinal

A

groin

51
Q

lumbar

A

lower part of back between ribs and pelvis

52
Q

mammary

A

breast

53
Q

manus

A

hand

54
Q

mental

A

chin

55
Q

occipital

A

back of head

56
Q

olecranal

A

back of elbow

57
Q

orbital

A

eye

58
Q

patellar

A

kneecap

59
Q

pectoral

A

chest include mammary

60
Q

pes

A

foot

61
Q

plantar

A

sole of foot

62
Q

pollex

A

thumb

63
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

64
Q

radial

A

thumb side of forearm

65
Q

sacral

A

posterior region between hip bones

66
Q

scapular

A

shoulder blades

67
Q

sternal

A

front middle region of thorax

68
Q

sural

A

calf

69
Q

ulnar

A

pinky side of forearm

70
Q

umbilical

A

naval/belly button

71
Q

what cavities are contained in the posterior aspect

A

cranial and vertebral

72
Q

what cavities are contained in the ventral aspect

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic

73
Q

what organs are included in the thoracic cavity

A

heart, lungs, thymus, major blood vessels, part of esophagus and trachea

74
Q

where is the mediastinum and where does in run

A

median space within the cavity, runs from sternum to vertebrae

75
Q

what organs are included in the abdominopelvic cavity

A

stomach, liver, spleen, small and large intestine, gallbladder, bladder, reproductive organs, ureters, pancreas

76
Q

what organs are in the abdominal cavity

A

most digestive organs and and urinary organs

77
Q

what organs are included in the pelvic cavity

A

few digestive organs, and reproductive organs

78
Q

____________ __________________ are continuous layer of cells located in the __________ cavity; consists of ________ layers

A

serous membranes; ventral; 2

79
Q

what layer of serous membranes lines the internal surfaces of the body wall

A

parietal

80
Q

what layer of serous membranes covers the external surface of the organ in the cavity

A

visceral

81
Q

what is the main purpose of serous fluid

A

reduces friction

82
Q

what is the 2 layered serous membrane that covers the heart

A

pericardium

83
Q

what is the 2 layered serous membrane that encloses the lungs

A

pleura

84
Q

what is the 2 layered serous membrane that lines the abdominpelvic cavity

A

peritoneum

85
Q

from right to left, what are the 9 abdominopelvic regions in order

A

right hypochondriac region, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right illiac, hypogastric, left illiac

86
Q

what are the 3 components of homeostasis

A

receptor, control center, effector

87
Q

what is the order of a homeostatic cycle

A

receptor, sends afferent message, control center, sends efferent message, effectors

88
Q

negative feedback moves the stimulus in the __________________ direction and is the ____________ common

A

opposite, most

89
Q

positive feedback the stimulus is _________________ to continue moving the variable in the ___________ direction until a _____________ event occurs, then body returns to ______________

A

reinforced; same; climactic; homeostasis

90
Q

what are examples of positive feedback

A

labor, breastfeeding, blood clotting

Anatomy 1 (5 decks)

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