Chapter 1 The science of microbiology Flashcards
Is derived from the Greek word “mikros”, “bios”
Microbiology
two categorizations of microbres
Cellular and acellular
Microbiology fields of study
Mycology (fungi), bacteriology (bacteria), Virology (virus), Parasitology (parasites), phycology (algae), immunology (Immune system)
first to discover the cell, also cell theory
Robert Hooke
About a thousand or more organisms inhabit the human body these are called?
Normal flora or indigenous flora
Created the single lens microscope
Anton van leeuwenhoek
germ theory of disease, and postulated pasteurizations
Louis Pasteur
proved microorganisms causes certain diseases, Kochs postulate
Robert Koch
Discovered the vaccine for smallpox
Edward Jenner
applied theory to medical procedures
Joseph Lister
discovered Salvarsan a treatment for syphilis
Paul Ehrlrich
discovered the anitbiotic peniccilin from mold
Alexander Fleming
are miniscule organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye
Microorganisms
optical instrument that can magnify organisms a hundredfold or even a thousandfold
MIcroscope
top most part of the microscope
Ocular lens or eyepiece
Located above the stage
revolving nosepiece
used to change focus on one eypiece
Diopter adjustment
Connects the eyepiece to the objective lens
Body tube or head
Brings specimen into general focus
Coarse adjusment
Fine tunes the focus
Fine adjusment
this is held in place above the stage by the revolving nose piece and are the lenses that are closest to the specimen
Objective lenses
Flat platform on which the specimen is held
Stage
Metal clips in the stage
Stage clips
found beneath the stage
Stage contrll
At the base of the microscope
On and Off switch
A hole in the middle of the stage
Aperture
Light source of the microscope
Illuminator
is used to adjust the amount of light coming into the condenser
Iris diaphragm
Gathers and focuses light onto the specimen
Condenser
It supports the microscope
Base
A type of microscope that contains more than one magnifying lens
Compound microscope
basic dyes in staining
safranin, methylene blue, crystal violet
All cocci are gram positive except?
Neisseria velonella annd Branhamella
Gram negative baccili except for?
Corynebacterium, Clostridium,
Bacillus, Mycobacterium
Stain used for bacteria with high lipid content in their cell wall
Acid-fast-stain
Also known as hot method
Ziehl-Neelsen stain
The cold method
Kinyoun Stain
Are used to grow microorganisms
Media
The primary levels of media
Physical, chemical, and functional
Water based solutions
Liquid media
Clot like consistency at ordinary room temp and contain agar
Semi-Solid media
Contain a solidifying agent
Solid media
Contain chemically defined substances which are pure organic or inorganic.
Synthetic media
Complex media that contain at least one ingredient that is not chemically defined
Non-Synthetic media
Are designed primarily isolation of a braoad spectrum of microbes and contain a mixture of nutrients that support growth of both patho and non pathogenic organisms
General purpose media
Contain complex organic substances such as blood or serum
Enrichment media
Blood added to a base
blood agar
Shows complete lysis of RBC
Beta Hemolysis
Shows INC lysis of RBC
Alpha hemolysis
Shows no hemolysis
Gamma Hemolysis
a type of nutrient medium that is used for the culture of fastidious organisms such as heamophilus sp
Chocolate agar
Contain one or more substances that encourage the growth of only a specific target micoorganism and inhibit the growth of others
Selective media
allow the growth of several micoorganisms
Differential media
used for clinical specimens that need to be transported to laboratory immidiately
Transport media
Media that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
Anearobic media
