Chapter 1 : The Earth

Question 0

Mantle

Answer 0

Hot soft molten rock

Question 1

Crust

Answer 1

Earths outer skin and consists of solid rock

Question 2

Core

Answer 2

A soft ball of iron and Nikle at the bottom of the earth

Question 3

Magma

Answer 3

A hot melted rock underneath the crust

Question 4

Plate tectonics

Answer 4

The theory that the plates are slowly moving

Question 5

Plate boundaries

Answer 5

Plates moving at different speeds

Question 6

Destructive boundary

Answer 6

When two plates collide and the heavier one is forced downwards

Question 7

Constructive boundary

Answer 7

When magma rises up and a new crust is formed

Question 8

Convection currants

Answer 8

Causing magma to move upwards towards the crust where it cools and hardens

Question 9

Pangea

Answer 9

The super continent that was made up using all the continents

Question 10

Continental drift

Answer 10

When all the continents drift across the sea

Question 11

Mid ocean ridge

Answer 11

An underwater mountain range that is formed when two plates separate

Question 12

Crater

Answer 12

The part of the volcano that magma comes out of

Question 13

Vent

Answer 13

The part of the volcano that magma travels up

Question 14

Magma reservoir

Answer 14

Where the Magma is stored in the mantle

Question 15

Active

Answer 15

When a volcano erupts regularly

Question 16

Dormant

Answer 16

When a volcano hasn’t erupted in a while

Question 17

Extinct

Answer 17

When a volcanos magma supply has been cut off

Question 18

Earthquake

Answer 18

A sudden movement or trembling of earths crust

Question 19

Fault line

Answer 19

The crack on the surface where two plates meet

Question 20

Tremor

Answer 20

The aftershock of an earthquake

Question 21

Focus

Answer 21

The point deep in the earths crust where the earthquake begins

Question 22

Epicentre

Answer 22

The point on the the surface above the focus

Question 23

Examples of a mid-ocean ridge

Answer 23

Mid Atlantic ridge

Question 24

Name three volcanoes found along the Pacific ring of fire

Answer 24

Mount St. Helens , Mount Fuji , partcutin

Question 25

What mountain range is Mount St. Helens located

Answer 25

Rocky mountains

Question 26

Name two plates that meet in Rocky Mountains

Answer 26

Pacific and American

Question 31

When was the major tsunami in South East Asia??

Answer 31

2004

Question 32

Explain how a volcanic eruption occurs

Answer 32

Magma comes out of the ground the ground through the vent. When magma comes out of the ground it is called lava . Lava pours out of the crater and over the side.

Question 33

What is the North Atlantic ridge ?

Answer 33

A mid ocean ridge( underwater mountain range)

Question 34

Name the two plates that separate the North Atlantic ridge

Answer 34

North American plate and Eurasion plate

Question 35

Which country forms part of the North Atlantic ridge?

Answer 35

Iceland

Question 36

How does a mid ocean ridge form?

Answer 36

When two plates separate and molten lava rises up to fill the crack. It cools and hardens to form a new ocean floor.this cycle continues to form a ridge of mountains.

Question 37

How long is the North Atlantic ridge?

Answer 37

16,000km

Question 38

What plates were involved and how?

Answer 38

Indian plate pushed under the Eurasion

Question 39

How high was the wave and what speed did it travel?

Answer 39

It was 30 metres high and travelled 800km p/h

Question 40

What was the aftermath of the South East Asia tsunami?

Answer 40

200,000 people were killed
1 million people made homeless
Peoples livelihood destroyed
Coastal communities lost boats and equipment

Question 41

Describe a tsunami

Answer 41

Tsunami is a giant wave that can result from and earthquake

Question 42

What happened during the Sichuan earthquake?

Answer 42

Sichuan in China was hit by an earthquake in May 2008.
It measured 7.9 on the Richter scale. It was followed by more than 50 aftershocks. The plates moved up to five meres in distance along a fault line that was about 250 km long.
The Indian plates pushed against the Eurasian plates.

Rescue efforts were held back because of the roughness and bad weather. The Chinese authorities were slow to permit foreign aid to be brought in.

Question 43

What were the effects?

Answer 43

More than 70,000 people were killed.
Many buildings collapsed.
Five million people were made homeless.
12 million animals were killed.
Landslides blocked valleys, disrupting communication.
The spread of diseases was a major cause of concern due to polluted water.

Question 44

How do fold mountains occur?

Answer 44

When two plates move towards each other and collide, the rocks tend to buckle and crumple upwards into a series of folds.

Question 45

Give and example of a fold mountain

Answer 45

The nazca plate and the South American plate collide.
The nazca plate is pushed down into the mantle.
The rocks that lie on the plates are compressed and pushed upwards.
The layers of rock buckle and crack into a series of unfolds and down folds.

Question 46

When did the worlds young fold mountains form?

Answer 46

30 to 35 million years a ago.

Question 47

Give two examples of young fold mountains.

Answer 47

The Andes in South America and the Rockies in America.

Question 48

What are mountains formed during this period called?

Answer 48

Alpine fold mountains.

Question 49

When did the fold mountains of Munster form?

Answer 49

250 million years ago

Question 50

What plates were involved

Answer 50

The Eurasian and African plate.

Question 51

Give two examples

Answer 51

Galtees, comeraghs

Question 52

What were mountains formed during this period known as?

Answer 52

Armorican fold mountains