Chapter 1 The Earth

Question 0

Mantle

Answer 0

Beneath the crust is a layer of hot, soft rock called the mantle

Question 1

Crust

Answer 1

The crust is the earth’s outer skin and consists of solid rock

Question 2

Core

Answer 2

The core (inner and outer) is at the centre of the earth. 
It is made of iron and nickel

Question 3

Magma

Answer 3

The molten or semi molten material that makes up the earths mantle

Question 4

Plate tectonics

Answer 4

The theory that earths crust is broken into a number of constantly moving plates is called plate tectonics

Question 5

Plate boundaries

Answer 5

The plates appear to move at different speeds and in different directions. Even so, the whole jigsaw puzzle of plates is linked together

Question 6

Destructive boundaries

Answer 6

When two plates collide, they build up huge pressure. The heavier plate is forced downwards into the mantle where it melts. Since some crust is destroyed this is called a destructive boundary.

Question 7

Constructive boundaries

Answer 7

When plates pull apart, molten magma rises from the mantle, where it cools and new crust is formed. As a result this is called a constructive boundary.

Question 8

Convection Currents

Answer 8

The very hot core heats the magma in the mantle. This sets up Convection Currents in the mantle. Molten magma moves upwards from the core to the crust. Here it cools and sinks back down towards the core, so that the cycle can start all over again

Question 9

Pangaea

Answer 9

The continents began as one large landmass, called Pangaea. It gradually began to break up. The individual sections started to drift apart, carried along on the moving plates.

Question 10

Continental Drift

Answer 10

The process with Pangaea is called Continental Drift. It still continues today, for example Europe is slowly moving away from North America, while India continues to push northwards into Asia.

Question 11

Mid-ocean Ridge

Answer 11

A Mid-ocean Ridge is an underwater mountain range. It is formed where two plates separate.

Question 12

Crater

Answer 12

The top of a volcano

Question 13

Vent

Answer 13

Volcanic mountains are formed when molten magma emerges or erupts through a hole in the crust called a vent.

Question 14

Magma reservoir

Answer 14

Magma Reservoir is and underground pool of liquid rock found beneath the surface of the earth.

Question 15

Active

Answer 15

The volcano is still euruption at regular intervals,e.g. Mount Etna, Mount Vesuvius and Mount St Helens.

Question 16

Dormant

Answer 16

The volcano has been quite for hundreds of years but may erupt again

Question 17

Extinct

Answer 17

The volcano has not erupted in recorded times (thousands of years).

Question 18

Earthquake

Answer 18

An earthquake is a sudden movement or trembling of the earths crust.

Question 19

Fault line

Answer 19

The plates move along the fault line

Question 20

Tremor

Answer 20

The tremors spread out from the focus

Question 21

Focus

Answer 21

The focus is the point deep in the earths crust where the earthquake begins

Question 22

Epicentre

Answer 22

The epicentre is the point on the surface directly above the focus. It is the place where tremors are strongest.

Question 23

Aftershock

Answer 23

An aftershock is a smaller earthquake that occurs after a previous large earthquake, in the same area of the main shock. If an aftershock is larger than the main shock, the aftershock is redesignated as the main shock and the original main shock is redesignated as a foreshock.

Question 24

Tsunami

Answer 24

A huge wave that is caused by an underwater earthquake

Question 25

Fold mountains

Answer 25

Mountain formed when rocks buckled and folded as two plates collided