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a-level aqa history - tudors > Chapter 1 - The consolidation of power > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - The consolidation of power Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Henry VII also known as?

A

Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond

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2
Q

When did Henry become King?

A

22 August 1485 at the battle of Bosworth Field

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3
Q

When was the Battle of Bosworth Field?

A

22 August 1485

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4
Q

Why was Henry’s claim to the throne weak?

A

His claim was through the female line and the line came from John Beaufort who was seen as illegitimate.

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5
Q

Why was it important for Henry to consolidate his power?

A

Because there were many Yorkist gentry and nobles who wanted him to meet a similar fate to Richard.

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6
Q

Why did the public accept Henry?

A

They were pleased to see Richard’s death.

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7
Q

Why was Henry’s experience as a fugitive useful?

A

It tamed him and taught him to hide his feelings and veil his purposes.

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8
Q

Who was Edward, Earl of Warwick?

A

He was the son of Edward IV’s brother, the Duke of Clarence, he was placed in the tower in 1485 and remained there until he was beheaded in 1499.

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9
Q

How did Henry consolidate his power by dating his reign?

A

He dated his reign from the 21st of August 1485, the day before the battle of Bosworth field, by doing this he was ensuring that anyone who has supported the Yorkists was designated a traitor.

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10
Q

How did Henry publicly consolidate his power?

A

he conferred 11 knighthoods.

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11
Q

How did Henry consolidate his power with the Earl of Warwick?

A

he had him detained because he had a stronger claim to the throne than Henry.

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12
Q

How did Henry consolidate his power with his council and household?

A

He made key appointments, for example he made Sir Reginald Bray chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and he made Sir William Stanley Chamberlain of the Household.

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13
Q

Why did Henry make sure he was coronated before his first meeting with parliament?

A

he wanted to demonstrate that his right to the throne was based on hereditary right and not only because parliament had sanctioned it.

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14
Q

When was Henry VII coronated?

A

30 October 1485

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15
Q

When did Henry have his first meeting with Parliament?

A

7 November 1485

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16
Q

How did Henry consolidate his power with parliamentary Acts of Attainder?

A

He had them against Yorkists who had fought against him and ensured that their property was forfeit to the crown.

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17
Q

How did Henry initially increase royal income?

A

Acts of Attainders against Yorkists and Parliament granted him the customs revenue of tonnage and poundage for life.

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18
Q

How did Henry consolidate his power through marriage?

A

He married Elizabeth of York therefore uniting the two houses.

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19
Q

Why did Henry wait to marry Elizabeth of York?

A

he need to make sure that it was clear that his assumption of the crown was not based on his wife’s claim to the throne.

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20
Q

When did Henry marry Elizabeth of York?

A

January 1486

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21
Q

When was Prince Arthur born?

A

September 1486

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22
Q

When was the Viscount Lovell and Stafford uprising?

A

Easter 1486

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23
Q

What happened with the Lovell and Stafford uprising?

A

Lovell tried to raise a rebellion in Richard III’s heartland of support in the North Riding of Yorkshire. Simultaneously Stafford tried to raise forces against Henry in the midlands.

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24
Q

What happened to those involved in the Viscount Lovell and Stafford uprising?

A

Lovell escaped, however Humphrey Stafford was captured and executed although his younger brother Thomas was pardoned.

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25
Q

What is significant about the Viscount Lovell and Stafford uprising?

A

How little enthusiasm there is for a Yorkist rising in their traditional heartlands.

26
Q

Who was Lambert Simnel?

A

he was a boy from Oxford who was tutored in courtly manners by a priest, Richard Symonds, with the intention of initially impersonating Richard, Duke of York, the younger of the two princes in the tower. He soon switched to impersonating the Earl of Warwick, he was captured at the battle of Stoke and given a job in the royal kitchens.

27
Q

Who put together the Lambert Simnel conspiracy?

A

John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln

28
Q

What initially happened with the Lambert Simnel conspiracy?

A

He claimed to be the Earl of Warwick and was even crowned King Edward in Ireland in May 1487. However Henry had the real Earl of Warwick exhibited in London for all to see. Lincoln fled and joined Lovell at the court of Margaret of Burgundy.

29
Q

What did the earl of Lincoln and Lambert simnel persuade Margaret of burgundy to do?

A

They persuaded her to support Simnel’s bogus claim and pay for a force of mercenaries to invade England.

30
Q

How did Henry respond to the threat of Lambert Simnel?

A

He took the gamble of reinstating the untrustworthy Earl of Northumberland to power in the north. He also reinforced coastal defences in East Anglia.

31
Q

Where did Lambert Simnel’s rebels land?

A

The northwest coast in Cumberland and crossed the pennines to drum up support in Richard III’s heartland.

32
Q

What happened when Lambert Simnel’s rebels tried to drum up support in the north riding of Yorkshire?

A

The Yorkist gentry were reluctant to commit themselves wholeheartedly to the cause, presumably waiting to see who would win.

33
Q

When was the battle of Stoke Field?

A

1487

34
Q

What happened at the battle of Stoke Field?

A

The earl of Oxford lead Henry’s army effectively and the earl of Lincoln was killed after failing to add sufficient followers to his mercenary army.

35
Q

Why was Henry’s victory at the battle of Stoke Field significant?

A

It was this battle rather than Bosworth which really brought to an end the wars of the roses and Henry’s position became safer.

36
Q

Who did Perkin Warbeck claim to be?

A

Richard, Duke of York

37
Q

Who was Perkin Warbeck?

A

He was a cloth trader from Tournai, Flanders and was an irritant to Henry over a period of 8 years.

38
Q

When did Perkin Warbeck begin to impersonate Richard, Duke of York?

A

1491 in Ireland.

39
Q

Which court did Perkin Warbeck first appear at?

A

the court of Charles VIII in France.

40
Q

Where did Perkin Warbeck go after his appearance at the court of Charles VIII?

A

the court of Margaret of Burgundy where he began to draw English courtiers into his conspiracies.

41
Q

When was Perkin Warbeck’s first attempt to land in England?

A

1495

42
Q

What happened when Perkin Warbeck first tried to land in England?

A

Henry had been informed of Warbeck’s intentions by one of his royal agents, Sir Robert Clifford. Warbeck was quickly defeated and fled to the court of James IV in Scotland.

43
Q

What was the effect of Sir William Stanley’s conspiracy at court?

A

It made Henry more isolated and led to the creation of the privy chamber because he has been vulnerable in what should have been his safest place.

44
Q

What happened in 1496 with Perkin Warbeck?

A

a small force crossed the Scottish border into England on Warbeck’s behalf but quickly retreated.

45
Q

Why were Warbeck’s interests with James IV quickly sacrificed?

A

James gave in to Henry’s offer of marriage to his daughter, Margaret.

46
Q

What was warbeck’s final attempt to gain the throne?

A

He tried to exploit the uncertainties created by the Cornish rebellion in 1497.

47
Q

Why was Warbeck executed?

A

He allegedly tried to escape with the Earl of Warwick.

48
Q

When were Perkin Warbeck and the Earl of Warwick executed?

A

1499

49
Q

Why was the Earl of Warwick a threat?

A

He was potentially the most obvious Yorkist claimant to the throne.

50
Q

Who was Edmund de la pole?

A

The earl of suffolk, he was one of the younger brothers of the earl of lincoln.

51
Q

who was Richard de la Pole?

A

One of the younger brothers of the Earl of Lincoln.

52
Q

When did Edmund de la Pole, earl of suffolk flee to Flanders?

A

1498

53
Q

After being persuaded to return when did the earl of Suffolk flee for the second time?

A

1501

54
Q

What is a household government?

A

medieval system of governance where the head of a household, invariably an adult male, had authority over the property, labour, and mobility of everyone living on his land.

55
Q

Where did Edmund de la Pole, earl of Suffolk go after fleeing for the second time in 1501?

A

The court of the Emperor Maximilian

56
Q

Why was the treaty of Windsor significant?

A

Friendly relations were restored between England, Burgundy and Emperor Maximilian. Part of this treaty was that Maximilian agreed to give up Edmund de la Pole.

57
Q

When was the treaty of Windsor?

A

1506

58
Q

What happened to Edmund de la pole after the treaty of Windsor?

A

He was imprisoned in the tower of London. However Henry VII took no further action against him.

59
Q

What eventually happened to Edmund de la Pole after being imprisoned in the tower of London?

A

He was executed by Henry VIII in 1513 for treason.

60
Q

What happened to Richard de la Pole?

A

He was left at large during his time in exile however he was killed fighting for French forces at the battle of Pavia in 1525.

a-level aqa history - tudors (24 decks)

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