chapter 1 test -study guide questions

Question 1

what is the benefit of using the scientific method

Answer 1

it involves systematic, quantified observations, a process for drawing conclusions based on evidence from observations and experiments

Question 2

describe the steps in the process of the scientific method

Answer 2

observations
hypothesis 
testable predictions 
experiments or additional observations 
conclusions

Question 3

what is anecdotal evidence

Answer 3

casual, personal observations, can be interesting, helpful, untested and often unreliable, can be right
ex: Micheal Phelps using cupping before swimming, he is a good swimmer, so cupping makes you a good swimmer

Question 4

how are the conclusions from scientific studies similar to or different from those generated from anecdotal observations

Answer 4

conclusions drawn from scientific studies have been actually tested while anecdotal evidence has not been tested and is based on opinion and hear say

Question 5

what are the requirements of a good scientific hypothesis

Answer 5

takes an actual hypothesis, theory, systematic approach, and testing

Question 6

why would you repeat steps in the scientific process when testing a hypothesis

Answer 6

to know for sure that you have come up with reliable conclusions

Question 7

what makes a good experiment

Answer 7

experimental (test groups)
control group
variables - independent and dependent variables

Question 8

what are the similarities and differences between control and experimental groups

Answer 8

control groups have no variables changed or manipulated

experimental groups have a manipulated or changed factor

Question 9

independent variable

Answer 9

variable we can control

Question 10

dependent variable

Answer 10

result based on the independent variable

Question 11

what can be done to reduce biases in an experiment

Answer 11

test a bigger group of people, peer-reviewed

Question 12

why are statistical analyses used to evaluate the results of an experiment

Answer 12

its a method to make sense out of our data, showing relationships and correlations between the data

Question 13

when should you use a bar graph vs. a line graph

Answer 13

bar graphs- best to display discrete data and categorical data ( data you can count)
line graphs - best to display trends or change in something over time, best used for continuous data

Question 14

what are the independent and dependent variables in a graph

Answer 14

independent variable - x-axis

dependent variable - y-axis

Question 15

how is the scale of axes important in data representation

Answer 15

if the scale is off then it can improperly display the data

Question 16

what is meant by the phrase “correlation does not equal causation”

Answer 16

correlation between two variables does not mean that one variable causes another

Question 17

what is ‘peer-review’

Answer 17

review of an article by experts before publication, this ensures that the authors have appropriately designed and interpreted their study, weeds out the sloppy work

Question 18

what is the basic structure of a cell

Answer 18

DNA, ribosomes, and cell membrane

Question 19

what is the function of a cell membrane

Answer 19

regulates what comes in and out of the cell

Question 20

how do phospholipids form the basic structure of cell membranes, how do they help the membrane to function

Answer 20

they form the phospholipid bilayer, that contains hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Question 21

hydrophobic

Answer 21

does not interact with water

Question 22

hydrophilic

Answer 22

does interact with water

Question 23

how do proteins help the membrane to function

Answer 23

give all of the ability to do things in the cell,
transport proteins help provide places where molecules can cross
regulate movement in and out of the cell

Question 24

what is the function of ribosomes

Answer 24

make protein, helps give everything the ability to do their functions in a cell

Question 25

what is the function of enzymes

Answer 25

speeds up the rate of virtually all of the chemical reactions that take place within cells
help form or break covalent bonds
break down macromolecules into parts and build new molecules

Question 26

what is a substrate

Answer 26

the substance on which an enzyme acts

the surface or material on or from which an organism lives, grows, or obtains its nourishment

Question 27

what is the structure of a water molecule

Answer 27

H. H

O

Question 28

what is hydrogen bonding and how does it affect the properties of water

Answer 28

hydrogen bonds form between the more positive hydrogen atoms and more negative oxygen atoms of neighboring water molecules

Question 29

why is water considered a polar molecule

Answer 29

one end of the molecule is more positive and the other is more negative, the negatively charged electron in these covalent bonds are more strongly attracted to the oxygen atom

Question 30

what are some biological examples of how the properties of water influence organisms

Answer 30

water forms hydrogen bonds, water is sticky, water can absorb a lot of energy and ice is less dense than liquid water

Question 31

the four types of organic macromolecules that make up all of life

Answer 31

carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids

Question 32

structure and function of carbohydrates

Answer 32

sugar molecules or chains of sugar

Question 33

structure and function of proteins

Answer 33

amino acid sequence, Protection, structure, Regulation, Contraction, transportation

Question 34

structure and function of nucleic acids

Answer 34

store genetic information
DNA and RNA
composed of long strand of nucleotides that have a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 35

structure and function of lipids

Answer 35

all hydrophobic, store energy, signaling and acting as a structural components of cell membranes
structure - glycerol molecule bonded to long hydrocarbon chains

Question 36

what can not be dissolved in water

Answer 36

lipids cannot be dissolved in water, charged substances dissolve in water

Question 37

DNA bases for nucleic acids

Answer 37

A,C,G,T

Question 38

RNA bases for nucleic acids

Answer 38

A,C,G,U

Question 39

true or false the amino acid sequence order in a protein has no meaning

Answer 39

false the amino acid sequence in a protein describes the shape and function of that protein

Question 40

covalent bonds connect atoms to form

Answer 40

molecules

Question 41

covalent bonds connect molecules to form

Answer 41

macromolecules