chapter 1 -quiz questions

Question 1

when scientists carry out an experiment, they are testing a…

Answer 1

theory

Question 2

what is the earliest step in the scientific process

Answer 2

asking a question about an observation

Question 3

in a controlled experiment, which group receives a placebo

Answer 3

the control group

Question 4

in the studies of coffee and memory discussed in this chapter, the independent variable is ___ and the dependent variable is ___

Answer 4

memory, caffeine

Question 5

would you have more confidence in a study done with 15 people or 15,000 people

Answer 5

15,000

Question 6

you conduct a clinical trial to test whether a new drug relieves the symptoms off arthritis better than a placebo. You have four groups of participants, all of whom have mildly painful arthritis (rated 7 on a scale of 1-10) .Each group receives a daily pill as follows: control (group 1)-placebo, group 2- 15 mg, group 3 - 25 mg, group 4 - 50 mg. At the end of 2 weeks, participants in each group are asked to rate their pain on a scale of 1-10.
what is your next step?

Answer 6

run a statistical analysis on the data collected

Question 7

where are the most reliable scientific results published

Answer 7

in peer-reviewed scientific journals

Question 8

can an epidemiologist who finds a correlation between the use of tanning beds and melanoma (an aggressive form of skin cancer) in college aged women conclude that tanning beds cause skin cancer

Answer 8

no, needs a wider range of participants

Question 9

you are listening to a news report that claims a new study has found convincing evidence that a particular weight-loss product is much more effective than diet and exercise, what would be an example of scientifically convincing evidence

Answer 9

it ensures that a study has been appropriately designed and correctly interpreted

Question 10

what are the four types of organic molecules that make up all living things on earth

Answer 10

lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins

Question 11

what cellular components are associated with all cells

Answer 11

cell membrane, ribosomes, and DNA

Question 12

what is a major function of carbohydrates in living organisms

Answer 12

source of energy for cellular activities

Question 13

what subunits are proteins broken down into during digestion

Answer 13

amino acids

Question 14

the substance of an enzyme is

Answer 14

what the enzyme acts on

Question 15

you have identified an enzyme that breaks down a storage form of sugar in plants into simple sugars. How would this enzyme react with a storage form of sugar in humans

Answer 15

because enzymes are specific, the plant enzymes active site would not bind to glycogen as a substrate

Question 16

which part of the cell-membrane acts as a barrier to hydrophilic molecules entering the cell

Answer 16

hydrophobic tails

Question 17

the cell membrane is made up of

Answer 17

phospholipids and proteins

Question 18

olive oil is ___ because ___

Answer 18

hydrophobic; it does not interact with water

Question 19

why is the phospholipid bilayer considered semipermeable

Answer 19

the bilayer is a barrier to some but not all substances on either side of it

Question 20

the attraction water molecules have for other water molecules is called _____, whereas the attraction water molecules have for non water molecules is called

Answer 20

cohesion, adhesion

Question 21

what is NOT a property of water

Answer 21

all biological molecules will dissolve in water

Question 22

what is most likely to dissolve in olive oil

Answer 22

a non polar molecule

Question 23

the “stickiness” of water results from the ____ binding of water molecules

Answer 23

hydrogen

Question 24

because of the polar nature of water, it is a universal

Answer 24

solvent

Question 25

how is the polarity of water important for transpiration

Answer 25

polarity causes cohesion