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Pre AP World > Chapter 1 Test Review > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Test Review Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

-Keeping field notes from excavation sites
-Analyzing radiocarbon dating test results
-Examining and cataloging artifacts
Which social scientist directly engages in these activities?

A

Archaeologist

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2
Q

“Genetics are tracing the movements of people in prehistoric Europe using our DNA as a time machine…”

This passage suggests that modern science can be used to

A

aid historical analysis

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3
Q

One reason that many historians study geography is to

A

show connections between people and places.

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4
Q

One contribution to the study of history by Louis and Mary Leakey is

A

the excavation of the Leatoli footprints

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5
Q

Which of these best describes the effect the switch to agriculture had on food supplies?

A

They became more reliable but not necessarily more diversified.

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6
Q

In what way might civilization have prompted the development of family and marriage laws?

A

Civilization produced a new understanding of property.

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7
Q

The Neolithic Revolution, and the trade of goods associated with it, directly produced all of the following EXCEPT

A

monotheism

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8
Q

The first civilizations developed in geographic areas where

A

agriculture flourished

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9
Q

What are civilizations?

A

Groups of people cooperating toward a common goal.

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10
Q

Which of the following best describes the development of agriculture during the Neolithic Revolution?

A

It was a gradual process, developing independently in different parts of the world.

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11
Q

Why was the planting of grains and vegetables important for people during the Neolithic Revolution?

A

It provided a reliable food source throughout the year.

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12
Q

At the end of the last ice age around 10,000 B.C.E, the major change that occurred was

A

the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture

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13
Q

At the end of the last Ice Age. how did the global climate change?

A

The Earth became significantly warmer and moister.

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14
Q

Which of the following shows the MOST LIKELY sequence of events during the Agricultural Revolution?

A

Animal and crop domestication… larger populations… finding of permeant settlements…

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15
Q

Compared to agriculturalists, pastoralists tended to be

A

more mobile.

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16
Q

The Agricultural Revolution gave birth to all of the following EXCEPT

A

worship of fertility goddesses.

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17
Q

Most Neolithic technology was related to

A

farming

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18
Q

The phrase “without agriculture, there is no culture” implies all of the following except

A

farmers are more affected by culture than others.

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19
Q

Aryan literature

A

Vedas, Rigveda, Mahabarata, Upanishands, Written in Sanskrit

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20
Q

Aryans

A

Nomadic invaders from Central Asia that conquer the Indus Valley

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21
Q

Bhagavad Gita

A

Aryan text

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22
Q

Bureaucracy

A

Delegation of power

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23
Q

Carved Seals

A

Indus Valley; shows ownership

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24
Q

The Egyptian civilization arose in

A

The Nile River Valley

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25
Q

How was Egyptian hieroglyphics different from cuneiform?

A

It was mainly written on papyrus rolls.

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26
Q

What effect did the Nile cataracts in the south and deserts in the east and west of Egypt have on the early development of Egypt?

A

They served as natural barriers protecting it from invasion.

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27
Q

Geographically, how long was Lower Egypt distinct from Upper Egypt?

A

In Lower Egypt, the Nile branches out into a triangular-shaped delta.

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28
Q

How did the predictability of the Nile floorings inhibit the initial development of state society in Egypt?

A

People would aggregate during these times of flooding and then they would disperse

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29
Q

What was the “miracle” of the Nile for the ancient Egyptians?

A

Its annual floodings made the surrounding land fertile.

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30
Q

“The bringer of food, rich in provisions, creator of all good, lord of majesty, sweet of fragrance.” The hymn above if referring to which of the following?

A

The Nile River.

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31
Q

Which of these is an example of neighboring civilizations that became culturally and economically integrated?

A

Egypt and Nubia.

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32
Q

What was one result of the increased power of the priesthoods in Egypt?

A

The central authority of the pharaohs decreased

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33
Q

At the end of the New Kingdom, what happened to leadership in Egypt?

A

It was largely dominated by invading Libyans. Nubians, Persians and Macedonians.

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34
Q

All of the following contributed to periods of weak central authority and social discord in ancient Egypt EXCEPT

A

rise of the rulers

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35
Q

What was the importance of the vizier (local government) in Egyptian society?

A

He was in charge of the bureaucracy.

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36
Q

Which of the following was NOT a deity (divine) in ancient Egyptian religion?

A

Hatshepsut

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37
Q

How was the concept of ma’am integrated into the responsibilities of the pharaoh?

A

Pharaohs were expected to preserve order, truth, and harmony in Egypt.

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38
Q

Around 3100 B.C.E. Narmer (Menes) king of Upper Egypt, did which of the following?

A

Conquered the northern rulers to create a unified government.

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39
Q

The periods of weak political leadership, invasion and decline in ancient Egypt were called

A

Intermediate Periods

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40
Q

How did the predictability of the Nile floodings inhibit the initial development of state society in Egypt?

A

There was no need to implement large-scale irrigation projects.

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41
Q

A major similarity between the Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations was

A

both features social stratification with a priestly and landowning elite class on top.

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42
Q

The Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom were periods of 1. strong monarchial authority 2. a flourishing cultural and literary tradition 3. extensive temple building and monumental architecture.

A

1, 2, and 3

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43
Q

What effect did the Nile cataracts in the south and deserts in the east and west of Egypt have on the early development of Egypt?

A

They served as natural barriers protecting it from invasion.

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44
Q

Why was the Middle Kingdom considered to be a period of democratization in Egypt?

A

Luxury items previously exclusive to the pharaohs became more widely available.

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45
Q

An important characteristic of Egyptian civilization was

A

the supreme importance of religion in society

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46
Q

Caste system

A

Rigid class system with no social mobility; Aryans bring it to India.

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47
Q

Catal Huyuk

A

Early Neolithic village; shows signs of emergence of religion

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48
Q

Cataracts

A

Rapids along the Nile River

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49
Q

city-states

A

Urban centers with surrounding farmlands

50
Q

Code of Hammurabi

A

First set of codified law; based on social classes (harsh and favored upper classes)

51
Q

The major building material for the Sumerian cities was

A

mudbrick

52
Q

Gilgamesh was king of

A

Uruk

53
Q

The Sumerian economy was primarily

A

agricultural, although commerce and manufacturing developed as well.

54
Q

The Mesopotamian civilization was located in

A

the Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys

55
Q

The Epic of Gilgamesh, a Mesopotamian epic poem, was originally written in

A

cuneiform

56
Q

The Epic of Gilgamesh is notable for being

A

one of the oldest surviving works of literature

57
Q

What does the prominence of the ziggurat suggest about the Sumerians?

A

Religion was integral to the economic, political, and social aspects of daily life.

58
Q

The cuneiform writing system originated in

A

Mesopotamia

59
Q

Which of these best describes how the Code of Hammurabi addressed differences in social status?

A

Punishments were scaled depending on social status.

60
Q

The Code of Hammurabi was produced in

A

Babylonia

61
Q

What does the Code of Hammurabi reveal about Sumerian society?

A

It emphasized a strict system of justice.

62
Q

In ancient Mesopotamia, the Code of Hammurabi was important for which of the following?

A

It established laws pertaining to daily life.

63
Q

Which of the following was NOT a responsibility of a Sumerian ruler?

A

Supervising the temples.

64
Q

As new civilizations came to power in the Fertile Crescent, what happened to the cultural heritages of those civilizations already there?

A

They were adopted and adapted by the newcomers.

65
Q

The development of which of the following military innovations explains why the Hittites eventually dominated Mesopotamia

A

Iron weapons

66
Q

A major reason for the collapse of the Mesopotamian civilization was

A

the constant invasions from foreigners..

67
Q

Which of the following was necessary for the expansion of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent?

A

Large-scale irrigation projects

68
Q

City-state political organization in Mesopotamia tended to be

A

regional rather than imperial

69
Q

Which of the following was an famous piece of Mesopotamian literature?

A

The Epic of Gilgamesh

70
Q

In ancient Mesopotamia, writing was used primarily to

A

record business transactions of daily life

71
Q

Which of the following was NOT a responsibility of a Sumerian ruler

A

Supervising the temples

72
Q

Which of the following is correct about the Sumerian cities?

A

Kings, priests, and nobles owned much of the land.

73
Q

All of the following were features of the Mesopotamian civilization EXCEPT

A

a monotheistic religion.

74
Q

Cuneiform

A

Sumerian written language; used for writing records

75
Q

Demotic

A

Egyptian written language

76
Q

Egyptian deities

A

Gods and goddesses; Osiris, Re, etc.

77
Q

Elements of civilization

A

Religion, government, language, etc.

78
Q

Epic of Gilgamesh

A

Sumerian written epic; author unknown

79
Q

Food surplus

A

Grain; have a reliable food source over the winter,

80
Q

Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro

A

Indus city-states

81
Q

Harappan

A

Indus written language; not decipherable

82
Q

Hieroglyphics

A

Egyptian language (symbols)

83
Q

Hinduism

A

Polytheistic religion of the Aryans

84
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the material culture of the Harappan civilization?

A

It was particularly advanced in weapons production due to the constant threat of invasion.

85
Q

Between 1500 and 1000 B.C.E as the Aryans arrived in India, what notable aspect of their culture did they bring with them?

A

a rigid class system based on a ruling warrior class

86
Q

Decline of the Harappan civilization, which group came to power in the Indus Valley?

A

Aryans

87
Q

Many scholars believe that Indus Valley cities like Harappa and Mohenjo Daro were

A

city-states controlled by a small number of merchants, landowners, and religious leaders

88
Q

Which of the following was a Harappan innovation for indication ownership of items

A

carved seals

89
Q

Why were sophisticated irrigation works needed to support the agricultural system of the Harappan cities?

A

There had to be a way to control the monsoon floods.

90
Q

Which of the following were achievements of the Harappan Civilization? 1.Planned cities 2.Silk production 3.An elaborate sewage system

A

1 and 3 only

91
Q

Modern scholars have had more difficulty learning about Harappan Civilization than ancient Egypt because

A

unlike hieroglyphics, the Harappan writing system has not yet been deciphered.

92
Q

Which of these civilizations was located in the Indus River Valley

A

Harappa

93
Q

What effect did the influx of foreign goods like copper, tin, and lapis lazuli have on the Harappans?

A

Many became traders and artisans as well as farmers

94
Q

In order to ensure a sustainable harvest, both Mesopotamian and Indus Valley city-states had to do which of the following

A

Develop complex irrigation systems.

95
Q

In which of the following ways, did Harappan civilization resemble that of Mesopotamia and Egypt?

A

It had a centralized state with extensive town planning

96
Q

In contrast to the rulers of Mesopotamia and Egypt, Indus Valley rulers

A

did not immortalize themselves with elaborate monuments or mortuary temples.

97
Q

Which of the following was an important reason for the early development of Harappan civilization?

A

Detailed city planning complete with north-south, east-west grids.

98
Q

Hittites

A

Iron weapons

99
Q

Intermediate periods

A

Time periods between the New, Middle, and Old Kingdoms in Egypt

100
Q

Iron weapons

A

Hittites

101
Q

Ma’at

A

Divine order of the universe in Egypt

102
Q

Menes/Narmer

A

United Upper and Lower Egypt

103
Q

Mesopotamian literature

A

Epic of Gilgamesh

104
Q

Mudbrick

A

Sumerian buildings

105
Q

Neolithic Era

A

Shift from hunting and gathering to farming; lower status if women 10,000 B.C.E.

106
Q

Neolithic Revolution

A

Gradual change to agriculture

107
Q

Reliable food source

A

Grain; surplus

108
Q

Why did Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus collapse?

A

Egypt: decline in power of the pharaoh, invasions from Lybians, Nubians, etc.
Indus: system failure, arrival of the Aryans
Mesopotamia: Constant invasion

109
Q

Why did the pharaohs begin to lose power in Egypt? Who took the power from them? When did this happen?

A

Importation of luxury goods, priests gain power, New Kingdom

110
Q

How did property ownership lead to laws?

A

We need to protect our stuff, see you gets our stuff when we die.

111
Q

In what ways did a reliable food source improve (or not improve) life in the Neolithic Age?

A

More food, but not better food. Paleolithic is healthier. Neolithic man had a wide diversity of food.

112
Q

List some Aryan works of literature

A

Bhagavad-Gita, the Vedas, Rig Veda, Mahabharata

113
Q

Compare the governmental system (ex: who had power) for Egypt, the Indus River Valley, the Aryans and the Mesopotamians

A

Egypt: monarchy/pharaoh/divine/ma’at/viziers
Mesopotamia- city-states/semi-divine
Indus- city-states
Aryans- caste system

114
Q

What natural barriers protected Egypt

A

deserts on both sides of the Nile

115
Q

How did one get their caste in Hindu society

A

by birth or occupation

116
Q

Why didn’t Hinduism spread to other parts of the world?

A

Strict, complicated, different, couldn’t convert, no one likes the caste system, poor treatment or women

117
Q

Role of women in Neolithic Era, Mesopotamia, & Egypt

A

Neo: traditional
Mesopotamia: could own property
Egypt: anything

118
Q

Sanskrit

A

Language of the Aryans

119
Q

Sumerians

A

First people of Mesopotamia

120
Q

Vizier

A

Advisor to the pharaoh of Egypt

121
Q

Writing systems

A

records business transactions

122
Q

Ziggurats

A

Mesopotamian temples.

Pre AP World (9 decks)

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