Chapter 1 Terms Flashcards
anatomy
study concerned with bodily structures of humans
physiology
study concerned with the functions of human structures
organelle
the tiny little baby organs inside your cells that are working day and night to keep you alive
tissue
a group of cells make up this (a section of an organ)
organ
a self-contained part of an organism with a specific function
organ system
a group of organs that are all buddy-buddy– they work together for roughly the same purpose (respiratory, digestive, endocrine).
organism
any living thing; has cells, grows, multiplies, and uses energy.
metabolism
the process by which cellular respiration creates energy
homeostasis
the body’s tendency to keep equilibrium in its interdependent physiological processes
negative feedback mechanisms
when the body takes an opposite reaction to a variable affecting it to counteract it
sensor
measures the variable in a homeostatic situation
receptor
a molecule found inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance, causing an effect (ex. cocaine receptor)
control center
the hypothalamus controls homeostasis in the body! thank you, hypothalamus!
effector
works to change variable back to normal in homeostatic situation
positive feedback mechanism
when the body experiences a stimulus, and then takes measures to enhance it
anatomical position
the description of any one body part, sometimes in relation to another part.
superior
closer to the head than its reference point
inferior
closer to the feet than its reference point
anterior
the front side of you!
posterior
the back side of you.
transverse plane
horizontally splits you
sagittal plane
splits someone directly down their middle
frontal plane
also called coronal plane, splits you on a line extending from your ear to the side of your hip
oblique plane
angled coronal plane
