Chapter 1 Terms Flashcards
Focuses on how Earth’s physical processes work independently of humans. Landforms, plate tectonics, external landscape processes, climate.
physical geography
How human life creates distinctive landscapes and regions of the world.
human geography
A picture on a map that shows a large piece of the Earth.
small scale
Runs laterally/horrizontally in lines across the Earth.
latitude
Runs vertically from pole to pole on the Earth.
longitude
Ways of showing the Earth as a flat image.
map projections
Short-term, spatially limited expression of climate.
weather
Large plates that compose the Earth’s surface.
plate tectonics
Long-term balance of temperature and moisture; keeps weather patterns consistent over time.
climate
Rain moving over a mountain range that causes a rain shadow.
orographic precipitation
Arid or semi-arid region behind a mountain caused by orographic precipitation.
rain shadow
Earth’s integrated physical and biological systems along with humans and their impacts.
biosphere
Countries that have economies focused on the tertiary and quarternary sectors; generally provide adequate education, health care, and social services to their citizens.
more developed country
Countries that have labor-intensive, low-wage, and often agricultural economies
less developed country
The improvement of current standards of living in ways that will not jeopardize future generations.
sustainable development
Global changes brought about by flows of money, resources, products, people, information, ideas, and more.
globalization
Growth of cities.
urbanization
All the ideas, materials, and institutions that people have invented for living on Earth not related to biological inheritence.
culture
People who share a common ancestry, sense of common history, set of beliefs, way of life, technology, and usually a common geographic location or origin.
ethnic group
A social or political construct based on characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, and face and body shape, but is of no biological significance.
race
The science that supports analysis of mapping and business. Includes cartography, geodesy, photogrammetry, and statistical modeling.
geographic information science
An image of a map that shows a small portion of the Earth.
large scale
Extractive economic sector
primary economic sector
Industrial economic sector
secondary economic sector
Service economic sector
tertiary economic sector
Knowledge-based pursuits economic sector
quarternary economic sector
Computerized analytical systems that are used as tools in geographic information science.
geographic information systems
