Chapter 1 Terms

Question 1

Helps prevent loss of water from the body

Answer 1

Vasopressin

Question 2

General function is to mobilize the brain and body for action

Answer 2

Norepinephrine

Question 3

Primary stress hormone in the body

Answer 3

Cortisol

Question 4

Neurotransmitters responsible for decreasing the perception of pain (natural painkillers)

Answer 4

Endorphins

Question 5

Brain “stabilization”. Not enough can cause sleep disorders

Answer 5

GABA (also Glycine)

Question 6

Has to do with mood, sleep, eating, and dreaming. Not enough can cuase depression, and too much can cause mania

Answer 6

Serotonin

Question 7

Fight or Flight / alertness

Answer 7

Epinephrine (and Norepinephrine)

Question 8

Has to do with smooth movements and postural stability. Low amounts of this can cause Parkinson. High amounts of this can cause Schizophrenia

Answer 8

Dopamine

Question 9

Brain excitation

Answer 9

Glutamate

Question 10

Has to do with voluntary muscle control, PNS, attention, memory, and learning

Answer 10

Acetylcholine

Question 11

Located on top of the kidneys.

Answer 11

Adrenal glands

Question 12

_______ _______ releases epinephrine and norepinephrine as part of the SNS

Answer 12

Adrenal medulla

Question 13

The _____ ______ releases many hormones including stress hormones and sex hormones. _____ produce sex hormones in higher concentration.

Answer 13

Adrenal cortex

Gonads

Question 14

The ____ ______ ____ directly connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland and maintains endocrine release of hormones.

Answer 14

Hypophyseal portal system

Question 15

Function has to do with hunger and thirst, and also EMOTION

Answer 15

Hypothalamus

Question 16

Is responsible for producing melatonin, which controls the body’s circadium rhythm.

Answer 16

Pineal gland

Question 17

A relay station for all sensory information

Answer 17

Thalamus

Question 18

Is a key player in emotional experiences during high arousal states, aggressive behavior, and sexual behavior.

Answer 18

Hypothalamus

Question 19

Coordinates muscle movement as they receive information form the cortex and relay this information to the brain and the spinal cord.

Answer 19

Basal ganglia

Question 20

Essentially, the basal ganglia helps make our movements _______ and our posture ______.

Answer 20

Smooth, steady

Question 21

One chronic illness associated with destruction of portions of the basal ganglia is _________ _______.

Answer 21

Parkinson’s Disease

Question 22

Structure in the brain that plans an important role in displaying behaviors of fear and rage.

Answer 22

Amygdala

Question 23

Plays a vital role in learning and memory processes

Answer 23

Hippocampus

Question 24

The ________ ________ contain one of the primary pleasure centers in the brain. There is an association between these nuclei and addictive behavior.

Answer 24

Septal nuclei

Question 25

Occipital lobe is associated with?

Answer 25

Vision

Question 26

Parietal Lobe is associated with?

Answer 26

Senses such as touch, feeling, temperature, and pain

Question 27

Temporal lobe is associated to?

Answer 27

Hearing

Question 28

Frontal Lobe is associated to?

Answer 28

Executive Function

Question 29

When someone cannot form the mouth movements to make speech, what structure is likely damaged?

Answer 29

Broca’s area (function is muscle control to make speech)

Question 30

When someone can hear, but cannot comprehend the words that someone is speaking to them, what area of the brain is likely damaged?

Answer 30

Wernicke’s area (function is to derive the meaning of speech and speech processing)