Chapter 1 Terms Flashcards
Helps prevent loss of water from the body
Vasopressin
General function is to mobilize the brain and body for action
Norepinephrine
Primary stress hormone in the body
Cortisol
Neurotransmitters responsible for decreasing the perception of pain (natural painkillers)
Endorphins
Brain “stabilization”. Not enough can cause sleep disorders
GABA (also Glycine)
Has to do with mood, sleep, eating, and dreaming. Not enough can cuase depression, and too much can cause mania
Serotonin
Fight or Flight / alertness
Epinephrine (and Norepinephrine)
Has to do with smooth movements and postural stability. Low amounts of this can cause Parkinson. High amounts of this can cause Schizophrenia
Dopamine
Brain excitation
Glutamate
Has to do with voluntary muscle control, PNS, attention, memory, and learning
Acetylcholine
Located on top of the kidneys.
Adrenal glands
_______ _______ releases epinephrine and norepinephrine as part of the SNS
Adrenal medulla
The _____ ______ releases many hormones including stress hormones and sex hormones. _____ produce sex hormones in higher concentration.
Adrenal cortex
Gonads
The ____ ______ ____ directly connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland and maintains endocrine release of hormones.
Hypophyseal portal system
Function has to do with hunger and thirst, and also EMOTION
Hypothalamus
Is responsible for producing melatonin, which controls the body’s circadium rhythm.
Pineal gland
A relay station for all sensory information
Thalamus
Is a key player in emotional experiences during high arousal states, aggressive behavior, and sexual behavior.
Hypothalamus
Coordinates muscle movement as they receive information form the cortex and relay this information to the brain and the spinal cord.
Basal ganglia
Essentially, the basal ganglia helps make our movements _______ and our posture ______.
Smooth, steady
One chronic illness associated with destruction of portions of the basal ganglia is _________ _______.
Parkinson’s Disease
Structure in the brain that plans an important role in displaying behaviors of fear and rage.
Amygdala
Plays a vital role in learning and memory processes
Hippocampus
The ________ ________ contain one of the primary pleasure centers in the brain. There is an association between these nuclei and addictive behavior.
Septal nuclei
Occipital lobe is associated with?
Vision
Parietal Lobe is associated with?
Senses such as touch, feeling, temperature, and pain
Temporal lobe is associated to?
Hearing
Frontal Lobe is associated to?
Executive Function
When someone cannot form the mouth movements to make speech, what structure is likely damaged?
Broca’s area (function is muscle control to make speech)
When someone can hear, but cannot comprehend the words that someone is speaking to them, what area of the brain is likely damaged?
Wernicke’s area (function is to derive the meaning of speech and speech processing)
