Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CSCS > Chapter 1 - Structure and Function of Body Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Structure and Function of Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 things are required in order to support the neuromuscular activity of the body

A

Oxygen
Nutrients
Removal of CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the musculoskeletal system made up of

A

Bones
Joints
Muscles
Tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do muscles do

A

Function by pulling against bones that rotate about joints and transmit force to the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Muscles can only…

A

Pull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many bones are in the body

A

206

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do bones provide

A

Support
Leverage
Protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the axial skeleton consist of

A

Skull
Vertebral column
Ribs
Sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of

A 
Shoulder Girdle
Arms
Wrists
Hands
Pelvic girdle
Legs
Ankles
Feet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What factor mostly affects skeletal growth

What does it cause to happen

A

When body is subjected to heavy loads

Bone will increase in density and bone mineral content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What other factors influence bone adaptations

A

Axial Skeletal being loaded

Frequency of loading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are joints

A

Junctions between bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are fibrous joints

Example?

A

Allow virtually no movement

Sutures of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are carilaginous joints

Example?

A

Allow Limited Movement

Intervertebral disks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are synovial joints

Example?

A

Allow considerable movement

Elbow and Knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the important features of the synovial joints

A

Low friction

Large range of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Articulating bones consist of

A

Hyaline cartilage
Synovial fluid
Ligaments and cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Uniaxial joints are

A

Hinge

Rotate about 1 axes

Elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Biaxial joints

A

Movement about two perpendicular axes

Ankle and Wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Multiaxial joints

A

Allow movement about all three axes

Shoulder and Hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the different segments of the vertebral column in order

How many vertebral in each segment

A

Cervical - 7

Thoracic - 12

Lumbar - 5

Sacral - 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is epimysium

A

Connective tissue

Covers the body’s muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a tendon attached to

What is it

A

Bone Periosteum

Connective tissue covering all bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Contraction of the muscle pulls on ______ which in turn pulls on _______

A

Tendon

Bone

24
Q

Fasciculi is

A

A bundle of muscle fibers

25
Q

Perimysium surrounds

A

Fasciculi

26
Q

Muscle fibers are surrounded by

A

Endomysium

Sarcolemma

27
Q

What is a motor unit

A

Motor neuron + muscle fibers

28
Q

Myosin consists of

A

Globular head
Hinge point
Fibrous tail

29
Q

Contractile unit of a skeletal muscle is known as ______

A

Sarcomere

30
Q

The sarcomere is between two

A

Z lines

31
Q

The A band consists of

A

Alignment of myosin filaments

32
Q

The I band consists of

A

Area by Z line where there is only actin filaments

33
Q

Actin colour is

Myosin colour is

A

Light

Dark

34
Q

The Z Line is located in the middle of which band

A

I band

35
Q

The H zone is located

A

In the middle of the sarcomere

Where only myosin is located

36
Q

During contraction what happens to the H zone

A

Decreases as actin slides over myosin

37
Q

During contraction what happens to the I band

A

Decreases as the Z lines are pulled towards the center of the sarcomere

38
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tubule connect to the myofibril and release what

A

Vesicles containing calcium ions

39
Q

The calcium ions cause

A

An action potential and therefore a contraction

40
Q

In stretched muscles, H zone and I bands are ______

Therefore, ________ force due to ________

A

Elongated

Low

Reduced crossbridge alignment

41
Q

When muscles contract, H zone and I bands are ______

Therefore, ________ force due to ________

A

Shorten

High

Optimal crossbridge alignment

42
Q

When muscle has contracted, H zone and I bands are ______

Therefore, ________ force due to ________

A

Shortened

Low

Overlapping of actin reduces potential crossbridge alignment

43
Q

During resting phase there is

A

Low calcium levels

Low crossbridge formation

44
Q

During contraction what chemical changes happen and what does it cause

A

Calcium is released from sarcoplasmic reticulum

Binds to troponin which shifts tropomyosin

Tropomyosin opens actin to be exposed to myosin

45
Q

The amount of force produced in an instant is directly related to

A

The number of myosin crossbridges

46
Q

Power stroke occurs when

A

ATP is hydrolysed

47
Q

In order for the myosin head and actin to detach what is needed

A

Another ATP molcule

48
Q

Relaxation occurs when

A

Stimulation of motor nerve stops

Calcium is pumped back into sarcoplasmic reticulum

49
Q

What neurotransmitter travels across the neuromuscular junction

A

Acetylcholine

50
Q

All or none principle states that

A

All muscle fibers contract simultaneously

51
Q

A twitch is a

A

Muscle contraction

52
Q

Tetanus of a motor unit is

A

Summation of muscle twitches with high frequency forms maximal contraction

53
Q

Proprioceptors are located within

They detect

A

Joints
Muscles
Tendons

Pressure and tension

54
Q

Muscle spindles are what type of receptors

They contain what kind of fibers

A

Proprioceptors

Intrafusal fibers and extrafusal fibers

55
Q

Muscles spindles detect changes in

A

Muscle length

Rate of change in length

56
Q

Golgi Tendon Organs (GTOs) detect

What do they do

A

Tension in the tendons

Inhibit muscle activation in order to protect against excessive tension

CSCS (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions