chapter 1(sec 3)

Question 1

What were the key terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 1

GARGLE-
Guilt
Army
Reparations
Germany lost land
League of Nations

Question 2

Guilt

Answer 2

War Guilt Clause 231, Germany accepted blame ‘for causing all the loss and damage’ of the war, formed the basis of the other terms
Germany was not consulted about the terms

Question 3

What was the term of the treaty about Germany’s army?

Answer 3

Limited to 100,000 men, conscription was banned
Navy only allowed 6 battleships
No armoured vehicles, submarines, or aircrafts
Border area between Germany and France, Rhineland, was demilitarized

Question 4

Reason for resentment(military disarmament)

Answer 4

Extremely upset as no army of 100,000 men could defend such a huge country like Germany
cannot defend themselves against any potential attacks(e.g. France in Rhineland), were vulnerable
huge blow to national pride
- Germans were humiliated

Question 5

Reparations

Answer 5

Germany to pay 6.6 Billion Pounds as reparations to Allies

Question 6

Reason for resentment(reparations)

Answer 6

having to pay 6.6 billion on top of recovering from WW1 strained German’s economy
felt that it was unfair that Germany was the only one who needed to pay reparations

Question 7

Germany lost land

Answer 7

-Lost 10% of land and 12.5% of population
-Germany had to give up overseas empire
-Colonies were controlled by LON
-Alsace Lorrain given to France
-Saar Coal Region to be run by the LON for 15 years
-Forbidden to make alliances with Austria

Question 8

League of Nations

Answer 8

League of Nations set up as international body to resolve disputes if necessary
Germany was not allowed to join

Question 9

Reason for resentment(loss of land)

Answer 9

Losing terrritories meant that Germany lost their national prestige(humiliated)
- source of revenue/money had been taken away
- huge blow to Germany’s national pride
- slowed down Germany’s post war recovery and the need to pay 6,6 billion reparations(weakened Germany’s economy)

Question 10

Impacts of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany(short term)

Answer 10

Short term impact:
- New democratic government was unpopular

Question 11

Impacts of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany(Medium Term)

Answer 11

Medium Term impact:
- Economic Crisis leading to political instability
- Invasion of Ruhr, Germany fell behind in reparation payments in 1922 and France invaded Ruhr in 1923
Humiliated Weimar government, causing a loss of faith in the government
- Hyperinflation: Government printed money to pay reparations, money became worthless,many middle class Germans had their savings wiped out overnight, suffered economic hardship and poverty blamed government for hardship, causing political instability

Question 12

Impacts of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany(long term)

Answer 12

Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Party exploited hatred towards TOV to gain support for themselves

Question 13

Successes of the LON in the 1920s(Upper Silesia)

Answer 13

1. Upper Silesia, 1921
   - A dispute broke out between Germany and Poland over Upper Silesia
   - The LON oversaw a peaceful vote and divided the region between Poland and Germany

Question 14

Successes of the LON in the 1920s(Greek-Bulgarian border)

Answer 14

2. Greek Bulgarian Border,1925
   - Greece invaded Bulgaria when some greek soldiers were killed on greece’s border with Bulgaria, bulgaria appealed to the LON for help
   - LON told greece to step down, the judgement was supported by Britain and France

Question 15

Why was the Paris Peace Conference held in 1919 and who was involved?

Answer 15

Aim: reach a settlement that would legally and officially end WW1 by deciding terms of the treaties
who was involved: Britain, France and the United States(big three)

Question 16

why was Britain, France and the United states known as the Big Three?

Answer 16

They were the most powerful countries among Allies

Question 17

Aims of the big 3 at the paris peace conference(US)

Answer 17

• Wilson felt that Germany should be punished but was not in favour of destroying it completely
  -main aim:strengthen democracy
  -wanted to replace the old leaders to ones who would be committed to democracy and peaceful relations with other states

Question 18

Aims of the big 3 at the paris peace conference(Britain)

Answer 18

Key priorities
- protect Britain
-rebuild Britain’s economic prosperity
-maintain the British Empire

Question 19

Reasons for German resentment towards the treaty of Versailles(war guilt cause)

Answer 19

War guilt clause 231(Germany to be blamed, they had no say)
had to accept complete blame for causing WW1 despite AH causing it
The Germans felt that the war guilt clause was unfair

Question 20

Reasons for German resentment towards the treaty of Versailles(lon)

Answer 20

LON: excluded from LON membership
- not recognised by other countries(humiliated)

Question 21

Aim of the League of Nations

Answer 21

resolve international disputes without going to war

Question 22

Concerns about the league(ability to disarm)

Answer 22

ability to disarm
-member states like Britain and France were not willing to disarm
-they feared that they would not be able to protect their territories and interests if they were to do so
thus there was reluctance amongst member countries to disarm

Question 23

Concerns about the league(Ability to stop aggressor countries)

Answer 23

ability to stop aggressor countries
-member states were not willing to support economic sanctions imposed by LON
-member states were not willing to contribute military to the LON’s army

Question 24

Concerns about the league(membership)

Answer 24

membership of the league
-US and USSR(two of the world’s major powers) were not part of the LON
-USSR was not included in the league because it was communist
-Germany was not allowed to join because of its role in causing ww1

Question 25

What was the impact of these countries being absent

Answer 25

-economic sanctions difficult to enforce without US -US's militaries was one of the most powerful so it made difficult to take strong action against aggressor countries even if the League chose to take military action as a last resort

Question 26

What does the LON do?

Answer 26

- all major countries would join the League, bind themselves to its covenant and disarm - if they had a dispute with other countries, they would take it to the league and accept its decision - league members would also promise to protect one another if attacked This arrangement was called collective security

Question 27

Reason for resentment(loss of land/territories) examples

Answer 27

e.g. Thousands of Germans would also have to live under the rule of other governments in Poland and Czecholslovakia This included the Germans in the city of Danzia,which would be cut off from the rest of Germany to give the new state of Poland access to the sea Alsace Lorraine had been taken from France after German's victory in the Franco-Prussian war(1871) and was symbol of German's strength - Felt like a humiliating reversal of German's pride and its economy Loss of Saar Coal Region weakened economy, increased food prices and crippled economy