Chapter 1: Schools of Thought

Question 1

Structuralism

Answer 1

Asserts that the mind consists of three basic elements: feelings, sensations, and images, which combine to form experience.

Question 2

In structuralism, what is experience made from?

Answer 2

Feelings, sensations, and images.

Question 3

Functionalism

Answer 3

Emphasizes the uses of the mind over the >elements< of experience - adaptive behavior patterns, like habits.

Question 4

Behaviorism

Answer 4

States we can only study observable behavior & relationships between stimuli and responses.

Question 5

In behaviorism, we observe:

Answer 5

public behaviors that can be measured easily and agreed upon.

Question 6

Functionalism was founded by:

Answer 6

William James

Question 7

Functionalism was founded by:

Answer 7

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 8

Behaviorism was founded by:

Answer 8

John Broadus Watson

Question 9

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 9

Emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into wholes, integrating separate stimuli into meaningful patterns.

Question 10

Gestalt Psychology was founded by: (HINT: M. W., K. K., and W. K.)

Answer 10

Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler.

Question 11

Psychoanalysis

Answer 11

Emphasizes the unconscious motives and conflicts in determining human behavior.

Question 12

Psychoanalysis is a method of

Answer 12

psychotherapy

Question 13

The goal of psychoanalysis is

Answer 13

To find socially acceptable ways of expressing wishes & gratifying needs

Question 14

Gestalt psychology believes that learning can be

Answer 14

Active and purposeful

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE: Gestalt psychology sees learning as mechanical and responsive, instead of from insight, similar to behaviorism.

Answer 15

FALSE

Question 16

TRUE OR FALSE: Structuralism breaks down conscious experience into subjective sensations and objective feelings.

Answer 16

FALSE (other way around)

Question 17

TRUE OR FALSE: Functionalism denies the “stream of consciousness” view that consciousness is fluid and continuous.

Answer 17

FALSE.

Question 18

What convinced W. James to form functionalism?

Answer 18

Introspection

Question 19

Flashes of insight, resulting from the manipulation of elements of problems, can be understood through

Answer 19

Gestalt psychology.

Question 20

The number of self-called functionalists, structuralists, gestalt >psychologists<, orthodox psychoanalysts and behaviorists has been

Answer 20

Declining. Gestalt therapists, psychotherapists. behaviorists -> social cognitive theorists.