Chapter 1: General Terms Flashcards
For terms that either cannot effectively or easily be separated into another category (26 cards)
Introspection is the deliberate examination of one’s c___________ p________ to examine t________ and e_________
Cognitive processes, thoughts, emotions
Reinforcement is a s________ that follows a r________ to increase its frequency
Stimulus, response.
Reinforcement was thought of by
B. F. Skinner
The biological perspective seeks relationships between 1. h_________, the b______, h________, and e_________, and 2. behavior and mental processes.
Heredity, brain, hormones, evolution.
Psychologists assume that thoughts, fantasies, and dreams (and inborn behavior) are made possible by the:
Nervous system, especially the brain.
To determine specific behavior and mental processes, e_________ factors interact with i_______ factors.
Environment, inherited.
To understand behavior + mental processes, biological psychologists dip into e________ psychology
Evolutionary
Aside from personal choice, cultural and social factors, evolutionary biologists believe that much of human social behavior (aggression) has a
Hereditary basis.
Cognitive psychologists believe m______ _________ and m______ r___________ of the ___________ explain much of the mind.
mental processes, mental representations, environment
Cognitive psychologists account for how we l_______, r__________ p_____, p_______, f_________, s______ _________, ____ j__________, make d________, use l________.
Learn, remember past present future, solve problems, form judgements, make decisions, and use language.
Human-existential psychologists is c_________ in “flavor,” but emphasizes the role of s_________ e______________
cognitive, subjective experience.
Humanism stresses human capacity for s___-f__________ and the central role of _____________, s___-_______, and d_________-______
Self-fulfillment, consciousness, self-awareness, decision-making.
_____________ is the belief in self-awareness, e_____________, and ______ in “inventing ourselves.”
Humanism, experience, choice.
___________ is the belief that people are free to choose, and as responsible for ethical conduct.
Existentialism.
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow founded
The human-existential perspective.
Psychodynamic theory dominated the practice of _____________, and was influential in both scientific psychology and the ____ in the 40s-50s.
Psychotherapy, the arts.
TRUE OR FALSE: Freud still dominates psychotherapy.
FALSE
Those who follow Freud today call themselves
Neoanalysts.
Social Cognitive Theorists suggest that people can ___________ and _______ their environments, giving c_________ a key role.
Modify, create. Cognition.
TRUE OR FALSE: All psychologists agree that consciousness plays a large role in learning.
FALSE
Contemporary behaviorists believe in _____________ ________ and the l_______ of ______ through re_________ and rei___________
Environmental influences, learning of habits, repetition, reinforcement.
Sociocultural psychologists highlight the ways in which people differ & how that effects psychology: e________, g_____, c______, s____ec_______ status.
Ethnicity, gender, culture, socioeconomic.
This group is defined by cultural heritage, race, language, and/or history.
Ethnic group.
Researcher couple M____ P_____ and K______ C____ discovered that young African American children had been primed to prefer white dolls, helping overturn segregation.
Mamie Phipps Clark and Kenneth Clark
