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Abeka Health > Chapter 1 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What gland produces melatonin?

A

pineal gland

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2
Q

What gland produces somatotropin (growth hormone)

A

pituitary gland

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3
Q

What gland produces thyroxine and triodothyronine

A

thyroid gland

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4
Q

What gland produces calcitonin

A

thyroid gland

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5
Q

What gland produces epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine

A

adrenal gland

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6
Q

What gland produces cortisol

A

adrenal gland

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7
Q

What gland produces insulin

A

Islets of Langerhans

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8
Q

What gland produces glucagon

A

Islets of Langerhans

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9
Q

What gland produces estrogens

A

ovaries (in women)

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10
Q

What gland produces testosterone

A

testes (in men)

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11
Q

Which endocrine glands are located in the brain?

A

pituatary and pineal gland

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12
Q

Name the growth hormone.

A

somatotropin

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13
Q

What hormone increases blood sugar?

A

glucagon

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14
Q

What hormone decreases blood sugar

A

insulin

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15
Q

Which hormone triggers sleepiness?

A

melatonin

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16
Q

What gland(s) increase blood calcium

A

parathyroid gland

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17
Q

What gland produces parathyroid hormone

A

parathyroid gland

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18
Q

What gland(s) decrease blood calcium

A

thyroid gland

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19
Q

What hormone is produced in males?

A

testosterone

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20
Q

“science” or “study”

A

-logy

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21
Q

refers to sugar

A

-ose

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22
Q

“in, inside, or within”

A

en-, end-, or endo-

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23
Q

digestion

A

the chemical breakdown of complex nutrients into simpler; water-soluble substances the body can use

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24
Q

gastroenterology

A

the study of the structure, functions, disorders, and diseases of the digestive system

25
Q

gingiva

A

gum; the tissue surrounding the teeth

26
Q

perstalsis

A

wavelike contractions that force food through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract

27
Q

duodenum

A

the first 10 inches of the small intestine; where most chemical digestion occurs

28
Q

cholesterol

A

a fatlike substance that can accumulate in blood vessels and restrict blood flow

29
Q

long chains of building blocks

A

amino acids

30
Q

Proteins should supply what percent of your total calories?

A

10-30%

31
Q

saturated fatty acids

A

fatty acids with as many hydrogen atoms as they can possibly hold

32
Q

hydrogenated oil

A

fatty acids that have hydrogen added to change the oil from liquied to solid or semisolid

33
Q

antioxidants

A

substances that neutralize harmful molecules called free radicals

34
Q

List the three major functions of the digestive system

A

digestion of food; absorption of nutrients; elimination of wastes

35
Q

Name five ways to help keep your blood cholesterol level low

A

maintain recommended body weight; increase daily intake of soluble fiber; reduce fat intake, especially saturated fats; exercise regularly; do not smoke

36
Q

peri

A

surrounding or enclosing

37
Q

dent or dont

A

tooth

38
Q

gastro-

A

stomach

39
Q

mono

A

one

40
Q

poly

A

many; more than one

41
Q

lip or lipo

A

fat or fatty

42
Q

micro

A

small

43
Q

the six basic nutrients

A

carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water

44
Q

the water-soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin C and the B complex vitamins

45
Q

the fat-soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, and K

46
Q

the electrolytes

A

potassium, sodium, chlorine

47
Q

three trace elements

A

iron, iodine, zinc, copper, selenium, chromium, manganese, molybdenum

48
Q

unsaturated fatty acids

A

the carbon atoms hold fewer than their maximum number of hydrogen atoms

49
Q

the vitamin that aids in proper blood clotting

A

K

50
Q

kilocalorie

A

the common unit for measuring the energy value of foods; means one thousand calories and is often shortened to calorie

51
Q

basal metabolism

A

the lowest rate of metabolism while you are at rest

52
Q

nutrient density

A

the proportion of nutrients compared to the number of calories the food contains

53
Q

yo-yo dieting

A

cycle of losing, gaining, losing, and gaining

54
Q

Why is yo-yo dieting not recommended

A

because it makes it more difficult for an individual to lose weight because with each cycle the body fat content becomes higher.

55
Q

Name four factors affecting BMR

A

body composition; body size; body temperature; growth rate

56
Q

Which food groups consists mainly of foods from animal sources?

A

protein and dairy

57
Q

Which food groups supply foods rich in complex carbohydrates?

A

grains, vegetables, and fruits

58
Q

What is the common unit consumers use for measuring the amount of energy in foods?

A

calories

Abeka Health (12 decks)

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