1.2 Nutritional Needs Flashcards
digestion
the chemical breakdown of complex nutrients into simpler; water-soluble substances the body can use
gastroenterology
the study of the structure, functions, disorders, and diseases of the digestive system
gingiva
gum; the tissue surrounding the teeth
perstalsis
wavelike contractions that force food through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract
duodenum
the first 10 inches of the small intestine; where most chemical digestion occurs
cholesteroal
a fatlike substance that can accumulate in blood vessels and restrict blood flow
long chains of building blocks
amino acids
Proteins should supply what percent of your total calories?
10-30%
saturated fatty acids
fatty acids with as many hydrogen atoms as they can possibly hold
hydrogenated oil
fatty acids that have hydrogen added to change the oil from liquied to solid or semisolid
antioxidants
substances that neutralize harmful molecules called free radicals
List the three major functions of the digestive system
digestion of food; absorption of nutrients; elimination of wastes
Name five ways to help keep your blood cholesterol level low
maintain recommended body weight; increase daily intake of soluble fiber; reduce fat intake, especially saturated fats; exercise regularly; do not smoke
peri
surrounding or enclosing
dent or dont
tooth
