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Introduction to Public Health > Chapter 1; Public Health: The Population Health Approach > Flashcards

Chapter 1; Public Health: The Population Health Approach Flashcards

1
Q

prevention of heart disease include the reduction of blood […] and […], […] smoking and cessation efforts, an understanding of the role of exercise and the widespread ability of defibrillators.

A

pressure and cholesterol
cigarrete

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2
Q

overuse of technologies, such as antibiotics, has encouraged the emergence of […] bacteria.

A

resistant

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3
Q

the challenges of 21st century public health include the protection of […] and continued improvement in […] of life, not just the quantity of years individuals are living

A

health
quality

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4
Q

population health means the totality of all evidence based public and private efforts throughout the life cycle that […] and […] the health and prevent disease, disability, and death.

A

preserve
promote

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5
Q

[…] […] demonstrated that lemons and other citrus fruit, was the best source of vitamin C, and could prevent and treat scurvy

A

James Lind

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6
Q

English physician […] […] recognized that cowpox could treat small pox hence creating a vaccine

A

Edward Jenner

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7
Q

the hygiene movement (1840-1870s) put forth the idea that disease emerges from social conditions of […],hence producing the concept of social justice

A

inequality

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8
Q

in the 1850s, […] […] is often called the father of epidemiology; he helped establish the importance of careful […] collection and documentation of rates of disease before ad after an intervention in order to evaluate effectiveness

A

John Snow
(efforts to close down the Broad Street pump, which supplied water contaminated by cholera to a district in London. quickly helped terminate that epidemic of cholera).

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9
Q

[…] […], an Austrian physican, used much the same approach in the mid-1800s to control puerperal fever-or fever of childbirth- then a major cause of maternal mortality

A

Ignaz Semmelweis

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10
Q

[…] […] argued that specific pathological conditions or diseases should be the basis for the cause of death

A

Edwin Chadwick

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11
Q

[…] […] argued that underlying factors, including what we would today call social determinants of health, should be seen as the actual causes of death

A

William Farr

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12
Q

contagion control was from the […]-[…]; investigations of pellagra by […]

A

1880 to 1940s
Goldberger

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13
Q

filling holes in the medical care system ([…]-mid-[…]); laying foundations for the emergence of a new era of public health

A

1950s-mid-1980s

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14
Q

medicaid is for low income families and with disabilities

A
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15
Q

over 65 is medicare

A
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16
Q

Japan has the highest […] expectancy

A

life

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17
Q

health promotion/disease prevention was from (Mid-[…]-[…]); focus on individual […] for health and interventions at the individual level

A

Mid-1980s-2000
responsibility

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18
Q

the concept of One Health is that it focuses on the connections of […] health, […] health, and […] health; providing a framework for understanding the global health impacts that affects of us

A

human
animal
ecosystem

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19
Q

One health includes a focus on the potential impacts of […] change, emerging and reemerging […] diseases, antibiotic […], and the consequences of trade in potentially contaminated […] products, ranging from food to toys

A

climate
infectious
resistance
dangerous

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20
Q

the health protection, focused on authority based control of […] and […] behaviors

A

individual
community

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21
Q
A
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22
Q

the hygiene movement focused on […] conditions as basis for improved health

A

sanitary

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23
Q

the contagion control, focused on the germ theory; a demonstration of […] origins of disease

A

infectious

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24
Q

filling holes in the medical care system focused on the integration of […] of communicable disease, modification of […] factors, and […] of high risk populations part of medical care

A

control
risk
care

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25
Q

the health promotion/disease prevention focused on the individual […] and disease detection in […] and general populations

A

behavior
vulnerable

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26
Q

population health focused on […] of public health, health care, and public policy based upon […] evidence and systems thinking

A

coordination
shared

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27
Q

“intervention” means the full range of strategies designed to […] health and […] disease, disability, and death. such as preventive efforts, thus population health is about improving community health

A

protect
prevent

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28
Q

to understand population health, there four components are […] issues, […], societies shared […] concerns, and society’s […] group

A

health
population
shared
vulnerable

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29
Q

vulnerable populations now includes the disabled, frail elderly, and those without health insurance rather than maternal and child health

A

yes

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30
Q

the high risk approach focuses on those with the [highest or lowest] probability of […] disease and aims to bring their risk close to the levels experienced by the rest of the population

A

highest
developing

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31
Q

risk factors include a wide range of […]

A

exposures

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32
Q

the improving-the-average approach focuses on the entire population and aims to reduce the risk for […]

A

everyone

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33
Q

the improving-the-average approach assumes that everyone is at some degree of […] and the risk increase with the extent of […]

A

risk
exposure

34
Q

to improve community health, population health approaches need to consider the impacts on […] throughout the […] cycle

A

health
life

35
Q

age not only affects the [… of diseases and conditions, but it may also affect how a disease […]

A

frequency
presents

36
Q

depression is often defined as change in mood producing […] or loss of […] in previously enjoyable activities severe enough to interrupt daily activities over a period of at least 2 weeks

A

sadness
interest

37
Q

depression may produce changes in sleep, appetite, energy, ability to concentrate, or self esteem. can include thoughts of suicide

A

yes

38
Q

depression may occur in […] over an entire life span, but it may express itself differently in children, adolescents, and adults

A

episodes

39
Q

depression can be diagnosed among children as young as […] years. such as being […] or […], leading to […] problems at home and at school + feelings of [..] and inability to […] previously fun activities, changes in […] and […], and feeling worthless or helplessness

A

3
irritable
angry
behavioral
sadness
enjoy
sleep
eating

40
Q

depression among teenagers may include […] and may be hesitant to speak to adults

A

suicide

41
Q

is pregnancy and the postpartum period associated with an increased incidence of depression

A

yes, over 10%

42
Q

is depression common among older adults

A

yes

43
Q

risk factors among older adults for depression are […] and poor […] status related to medical illness, complicated grief, chronic sleep disturbance, loneliness, and a history of depress

A

disability
health

44
Q

suicide especially among older [women or men] is especially common

A

men

45
Q

depression has been referred to as the “[…] […]” since it is often under diagnosed, under discussed, and underrated

A

under disease

46
Q

healthcare, one of the strategies that are used to address health issues, includes the delivery of services to individuals on a […] basis. includes services for those who are sick or disabled with illness or diseases, as well as for those who are asymptomatic

A

one-on-one
e.g. vaccinations, behavioral counseling, screening for disease, and preventive medications

47
Q

both health care and traditional public health approaches she a goal to [directly or indirectly] affect the health of those they reach

A

directly

48
Q

public policy interventions are primarily aimed at achieving other non health goals, such as increasing convinces, pleasures economic growth, and equity

A

yes

49
Q

traditional public health is […]- and […]- based interventions directed at health promotion and disease prevention

A

group
community

50
Q

public policy interventions are […] with another health-related purpose, which have secondary impacts on health

A

interventions

51
Q

morbidity is […]

A

disability

52
Q

mortality is […]

A

death

53
Q

contributory causes can be though of as immediate causes of […]

A

disease
e.g. cigarette smoking and HIV
direct causes of disability and death

54
Q

the term ‘determinants’ are used to identify underlying factors or “causes of causes” that ultimately bring that disease

A

yes. the root causes on why one would be influenced to smoke when exposed

55
Q

the social determinants of health, BIG GEMS stands for

A

behavior
infection
genetics

geography
environment
medical care
socioeconomic-cultural

56
Q

in BIG GEMS, B stands for […] and are actions that […] or […] to factors

A

behavior
increase
protect

57
Q

In BIG GEMS, I stands for […] and is often [direct or indirect] cause of disease

A

infection
direct

58
Q

In BIG GEMS, G stands for […] roles that […] factors play with disease whether susceptibility

A

genetic
genetic

59
Q

In BIG GEMS, G stands for […], where location influences the frequency and even the presence of disease

A

geography
location

60
Q

in BIG GEMS, E stands for […], where it determines disease and the […] of disease in a number of way

A

environment
course
e.g. natural disasters or altered physical environment produced by human intervention

61
Q

In BIG GEMS, M stands for […] and it is access to and the quality

A

medical care

62
Q

Early or long standing exposures to infection may contribute to the [….] of disease or even […] against disease

A

development
protection

63
Q

the physical environment built for use by humans is the […] environment

A

built
e.g. hazards on the highway

64
Q

in BIG GEMS, the M stands for […] […], which is […] to and the […] of medical care can be a determinant of disease. efforts aimed at prevention, can affect the […] of disease

A

medical care
access
quality
development
e.g. vaccination

65
Q

in BIG GEMS, the S stands for […]. defined as education income, and occupational status

A

socioeconomic cultural
e.e.g cultural and religious factors affecting beliefs about treatments

66
Q

are there [few or wide] ranges of determinants of disease.

A

wide

67
Q

stress of living in poverty can also affect children’s […] development, making it harder for them to do well in school

A

brain

68
Q

the overall goal of addressing social determinants of health is to produce health […]

A

equity

69
Q

health equity means that everyone has a […] and just opportunity to be healthy

A

fair
(everyone is treated the same)

70
Q

the demographic transition describes the impact of […] childhood death rates and […] life spans on the size and the age distribution of populations

A

falling
extended

71
Q

population pyramids are often useful for displaying the […] in the age distribution that occur over time. display the number of males and females that are present or expected to be present for each age group in a particular year

A

changes

72
Q

the epidemiological transition in population pyramids implies that social and economic development occurs, different types of disease become prominent

A

yes

73
Q

deaths in less developed societies are often dominated by epidemic communicable diseases and diseases associated with malnutrition and childhood […]

A

epidemic
infections

74
Q

nutritional transition implies that countries frequently move from poorly balanced diets often deficient in nutritions, proteins, and calories to a diet of high processed food, including fats, sugars, and salt

A

yes

75
Q

FRAILTY ; which are a number of public health, healthcare, and social interventions that can prevent frailty or minimize its consequences are

A

Food
Resistance exercises
Atherosclerosis prevention
Isolation prevention
Limit pain
Tai Chi or other balance exercises
Yearly check for testosterone deficiency

76
Q

impaired […], impaired […] and […] problems are perhaps the most common modifiable incapacitating impairments of the elderly

A

vision
hearing
dental

77
Q

the gain of 30 years to life expectancy is due to public health […]

A

interventions

78
Q

according to the World Health Organization; health is “a state of complete […], […] and […]-wellbeing rather than the mere absence of […] or […]

A

physical
mental
social
disease
infirmity

79
Q

public health is the science and art of […] disease, […] life and […] health through the organized efforts of society

A

preventing
prolonging
promoting

80
Q

health risks extend from […] to […]

A

prenatal
postpartum

81
Q

[…] is single most important factor influencing causes of death and disability

A

age

82
Q
A

Introduction to Public Health (2 decks)

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