Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Chapter 1 Psychology's Roots > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Psychology's Roots Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

The Scientific Attitude

A

Curiosity, skepticism, humility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Father of psychology. Structuralism, reaction time.

Lights?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Behaviourism

A

Psychology should be an objective science that studies behaviour without mind. Environment forms all.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

Emphasis on human growth potential. Positive thinking. Rogers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

William James

A

Teacher. First book in English. Functionalism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Structuralism

A

Introspection (Titchener) Sensations and thoughts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Behaviourism studied by these three:

A

Pavlov, Watson, Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Watson did?

A

Named psychology as scientific study of behaviour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Skinner did?

A

Rejected introspection. Believed psychology should study how consequences shape behaviour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functionalism.

A

What’s the mind for? Purpose/function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

How does decision making work? Study of mental processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Psychoanalysis. Hypnosis. Unconscious mind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Critical thinking

A

Thinking that doesn’t just accept arguments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Biopsychosocial

A

Views human behaviour from biological psychological and sociocultural levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dual processing

A

Mind processes info at the same time on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hindsight bias

A

Tendency to believe after the outcome it could’ve been predicted. (Intuitive thinking)

18
Q

Overconfidence

A

Think we know more than we do. (Intuitive thinking)

19
Q

Perceiving patterns in random events

A

Random unrelated data we find order, no sense (Intuitive thinking)

20
Q

Scientific method. A good way to advance.

A

Theory —> hypothesis. Uses operational definition (s). Replication is possible.

21
Q

Experiment

A

Method which researchers vary factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behaviour or mental process (dependent variable).

22
Q

Random assignment

A

Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing any preexisting differences between the groups.

23
Q

Experimental group

A

Group exposed to treatment

24
Q

Control group

A

Group not exposed

25
Q

Double blind procedure

A

Where both participants and researchers are ignorant about who received treatment or a placebo.

26
Q

Independent variable

A

Factor that is manipulated. It’s EFFECT is being studied.

27
Q

Dependent variable

A

Factor that is measured. May change when independent is.

28
Q

Confounding variable

A

Miscellaneous factor that may influence the study’s result

29
Q

Three research methods.

A

Descriptive, correlational, experimental.

30
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Theory of evolution. Behaviour + emotions.

31
Q

The mind can be compared to

A

A muscle.

32
Q

Basic purpose of descriptive method?
How is it conducted?
Weakness?

A

Observe and record behaviour.

Case studies, naturalistic observations, surveys.

No control of variables. Single cases might be misleading.

OBSERVATIONAL, EMPIRICAL

33
Q

Basic purpose of correlational?
How is it conducted?
Weakness?

A

Detect naturally occurring relationships; how well one variable predicts another.

Collect data on two or more variables.

No cause and effect.

PREDICTION

34
Q

Basic purpose of experimental method?
How is it conducted?
Weakness?

A

To explore cause and effect.

Manipulate one or more factors, use random assignment.

Sometimes not possible for practical and ethical reasons.

CAUSATION

35
Q

Operational definition

A

Carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in study.

36
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

Observing and recording behaviour in naturally occurring stations, no manipulation.

37
Q

Population

A

All those being studied.

38
Q

Culture

A

The enduring behaviours, ideas, attitudes, values, traditions shared by a group of people.

39
Q

Random sample

A

Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.

40
Q

SQ3R

A

Survey, question, read, retrieve, review

41
Q

Testing effect

A

Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply reading information.

Psychology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions