chapter 1 part 6 cavities

Question 1

The body contains two types of internal cavities:

Answer 1

the dorsal body cavity and (2) the ventral body cavity

Question 2

These cavities, which are closed

to the outside, contain our internal organs, providing protection for them.

Answer 2

.

Question 3

The dorsal body

Answer 3

encloses the organs of the nervous system, the brain and

spinal cord.

Question 4

The two subdivisions of the dorsal body cavity are

Answer 4

the cranial cavity, which houses the brain, and (2) the vertebral canal, which houses the
spinal cord.

Question 5

Both the brain and spinal cord are covered by membranes

Answer 5

called meninges

Question 6

The ventral body cavity houses

Answer 6

the vast majority of our internal organs, collectively referred to as the viscera

Question 7

The ventral body cavity also has two major subdivisions,

Answer 7

which are (1) the thoracic cavity and (2) the abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 8

The thoracic cavity

Answer 8

is more superior to the abdominopelvic cavity and houses primarily the heart and lungs, among other organs

Question 9

This cavity is further subdivided into sections:

Answer 9

two lateral pleural cavities, each of
which encloses a lung, and are surrounded by the ribs, and (2) a medial
mediastinum (MEE-dee-ah-STIE-num; middle wall), which houses the heart
and its major blood vessels, in addition to the thymus, the trachea, and the
esophagus.

Question 10

The abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 10

is enclosed by abdominal muscles

Question 11

abd consists

of

Answer 11

(1) the more superior abdominal cavity and (2) the more inferior pelvic
cavity.

Question 12

The organs of the abdominopelvic cavity are housed within the

Answer 12

peritoneal (per-ih-toh-NEE-al; to stretch over) cavity.

Question 13

The abdominal cavity

contains

Answer 13

the majority of the digestive organs, such as the stomach, the
intestines, and the liver, in addition to the spleen.

Question 14

The pelvic cavity continues

Answer 14

below the pelvis and contains the urinary bladder, urethra, rectum of the
large intestine, and reproductive organs.

Question 15

The walls of the body cavities and the surface of internal organs are in
contact with membranes called

Answer 15

serous (SEER-us) membranes. These

membranes are double layered.

Question 16

The layer that lines the walls of the cavities

is called the

Answer 16

parietal (pah-RYE-eh-tal; wall) serous membrane.

Question 17

The layer covering the internal organs (the viscera) is the

Answer 17

visceral serous membrane.

Question 18

To understand the relationship between the parietal and the
visceral serous membranes, imagine pushing your fist (representing an
organ) into a slightly deflated balloon (representing the membranes and the
cavity) (figure 1.12). Since your fist represents the internal organs, the
portion of the balloon in contact with your fist represents the visceral serous
membrane, and the outer part of the balloon wall represents the parietal
serous membrane. However, in the body, the parietal serous membrane is in
close contact with the body cavity wall. Furthermore, in the body, there is no
air between the visceral and parietal serous membranes as there is in the
balloon; rather, the two membranes are separated by a thin film of serous
fluid produced by the membranes. As organs move around in the cavities, the
combination of serous fluid and smooth serous membranes reduces friction.

Answer 18

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Question 19

Thoracic Cavity Membranes

Answer 19

Pericardial Cavity, Pleural Cavities, Peritoneal Cavity

Question 20

The serous membranes are named for the specific cavity and organs they are
in contact with.

Answer 20

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Question 21

The pericardial cavity

Answer 21

containing the heart, is housed in the mediastinum.

Question 22

The parietal serous membrane is

called the

Answer 22

the parietal pericardium

Question 23

the visceral serous membrane is called the

Answer 23

visceral pericardium.

Question 24

The space between the two pericardial membranes

Answer 24

called the pericardial cavity and is filled with pericardial fluid

Question 25

Pleural Cavities.

Answer 25

Each of the two pleural cavities (pleuron-, side of body, rib)
houses a lung.

Question 26

The parietal serous membrane lining the pleural cavities is called
the

Answer 26

parietal pleura,

Question 27

while the visceral serous membrane covering the lungs is

called the

Answer 27

visceral pleura

Question 28

The space between the two pleural

membranes is called

Answer 28

the pleural cavity and is filled with pleural fluid.

Question 29

The peritoneal cavity (peri-, around; -tonos-, stretched;

stretched around) houses

Answer 29

many internal organs, such as the liver, the digestive

organs, and the reproductive organs.

Question 30

The parietal serous membrane in the

peritoneal cavity is called the

Answer 30

parietal peritoneum.

Question 31

The visceral serous membrane

is called the

Answer 31

visceral peritoneum.

Question 32

The space between the two serous membranes

is the specific location of the

Answer 32

peritoneal cavity and is filled with peritoneal fluid

Question 33

In addition to covering organs,

Answer 33

a double-folded sheet of visceral
peritoneum attaches the digestive organs at certain points to the posterior
abdominopelvic cavity wall.

Question 34

These regions of double-folded visceral peritoneum

are called

Answer 34

mesenteries.

Question 35

The mesenteries also provide

Answer 35

a pathway for nerves and

blood vessels to reach the digestive organs

Question 36

The most notable

mesenteric structure is an

Answer 36

enormous pouch containing adipose tissue that is
suspended from the inferior border of the stomach. In some people, this pouch
contributes to their “big belly”

Question 37

Some abdominal organs are tightly adhered to the posterior body wall and
are covered by

Answer 37

peritoneum only on their peritoneal cavity side.

Question 38

These organs

have a

Answer 38

retroperitoneal (RE-troh-PER-i-toh-NEE-uhl; behind the peritoneum)
location and include the kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, a large portion of
the pancreas, parts of the large intestine, and the urinary bladder

Question 39

Inflammation,

Answer 39

often due to an infection, of the serous membranes in the
ventral body cavities sometimes occurs. Serious consequences can arise if the inherent infection or problem cannot be resolved.

Question 40

The following is a list of the

conditions caused by inflammation of the serous membranes:

Answer 40

1. Pericarditis
2. Pleurisy
3. Peritonitis

Question 41

Pericarditis

Answer 41

(PER-i-kar-DIE-tis; -itis, inflammation) is inflammation of the
pericardium.

Question 42

Pleurisy

Answer 42

(PLOOR-ih-see) is inflammation of the pleura.

Question 43

Peritonitis

Answer 43

(PER-ih-toe-NIGH-tis) is inflammation of the peritoneum.