chapter 1 part 6 cavities Flashcards
The body contains two types of internal cavities:
the dorsal body cavity and (2) the ventral body cavity
These cavities, which are closed
to the outside, contain our internal organs, providing protection for them.
.
The dorsal body
encloses the organs of the nervous system, the brain and
spinal cord.
The two subdivisions of the dorsal body cavity are
the cranial cavity, which houses the brain, and (2) the vertebral canal, which houses the
spinal cord.
Both the brain and spinal cord are covered by membranes
called meninges
The ventral body cavity houses
the vast majority of our internal organs, collectively referred to as the viscera
The ventral body cavity also has two major subdivisions,
which are (1) the thoracic cavity and (2) the abdominopelvic cavity.
The thoracic cavity
is more superior to the abdominopelvic cavity and houses primarily the heart and lungs, among other organs
This cavity is further subdivided into sections:
two lateral pleural cavities, each of
which encloses a lung, and are surrounded by the ribs, and (2) a medial
mediastinum (MEE-dee-ah-STIE-num; middle wall), which houses the heart
and its major blood vessels, in addition to the thymus, the trachea, and the
esophagus.
The abdominopelvic cavity
is enclosed by abdominal muscles
abd consists
of
(1) the more superior abdominal cavity and (2) the more inferior pelvic
cavity.
The organs of the abdominopelvic cavity are housed within the
peritoneal (per-ih-toh-NEE-al; to stretch over) cavity.
The abdominal cavity
contains
the majority of the digestive organs, such as the stomach, the
intestines, and the liver, in addition to the spleen.
The pelvic cavity continues
below the pelvis and contains the urinary bladder, urethra, rectum of the
large intestine, and reproductive organs.
The walls of the body cavities and the surface of internal organs are in
contact with membranes called
serous (SEER-us) membranes. These
membranes are double layered.
The layer that lines the walls of the cavities
is called the
parietal (pah-RYE-eh-tal; wall) serous membrane.
The layer covering the internal organs (the viscera) is the
visceral serous membrane.
To understand the relationship between the parietal and the
visceral serous membranes, imagine pushing your fist (representing an
organ) into a slightly deflated balloon (representing the membranes and the
cavity) (figure 1.12). Since your fist represents the internal organs, the
portion of the balloon in contact with your fist represents the visceral serous
membrane, and the outer part of the balloon wall represents the parietal
serous membrane. However, in the body, the parietal serous membrane is in
close contact with the body cavity wall. Furthermore, in the body, there is no
air between the visceral and parietal serous membranes as there is in the
balloon; rather, the two membranes are separated by a thin film of serous
fluid produced by the membranes. As organs move around in the cavities, the
combination of serous fluid and smooth serous membranes reduces friction.
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Thoracic Cavity Membranes
Pericardial Cavity, Pleural Cavities, Peritoneal Cavity
The serous membranes are named for the specific cavity and organs they are
in contact with.
yung 3
The pericardial cavity
containing the heart, is housed in the mediastinum.
The parietal serous membrane is
called the
the parietal pericardium
the visceral serous membrane is called the
visceral pericardium.
The space between the two pericardial membranes
called the pericardial cavity and is filled with pericardial fluid
Pleural Cavities.
Each of the two pleural cavities (pleuron-, side of body, rib)
houses a lung.
The parietal serous membrane lining the pleural cavities is called
the
parietal pleura,
while the visceral serous membrane covering the lungs is
called the
visceral pleura
The space between the two pleural
membranes is called
the pleural cavity and is filled with pleural fluid.
The peritoneal cavity (peri-, around; -tonos-, stretched;
stretched around) houses
many internal organs, such as the liver, the digestive
organs, and the reproductive organs.
The parietal serous membrane in the
peritoneal cavity is called the
parietal peritoneum.
The visceral serous membrane
is called the
visceral peritoneum.
The space between the two serous membranes
is the specific location of the
peritoneal cavity and is filled with peritoneal fluid
In addition to covering organs,
a double-folded sheet of visceral
peritoneum attaches the digestive organs at certain points to the posterior
abdominopelvic cavity wall.
These regions of double-folded visceral peritoneum
are called
mesenteries.
The mesenteries also provide
a pathway for nerves and
blood vessels to reach the digestive organs
The most notable
mesenteric structure is an
enormous pouch containing adipose tissue that is
suspended from the inferior border of the stomach. In some people, this pouch
contributes to their “big belly”
Some abdominal organs are tightly adhered to the posterior body wall and
are covered by
peritoneum only on their peritoneal cavity side.
These organs
have a
retroperitoneal (RE-troh-PER-i-toh-NEE-uhl; behind the peritoneum)
location and include the kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, a large portion of
the pancreas, parts of the large intestine, and the urinary bladder
Inflammation,
often due to an infection, of the serous membranes in the
ventral body cavities sometimes occurs. Serious consequences can arise if the inherent infection or problem cannot be resolved.
The following is a list of the
conditions caused by inflammation of the serous membranes:
- Pericarditis
- Pleurisy
- Peritonitis
Pericarditis
(PER-i-kar-DIE-tis; -itis, inflammation) is inflammation of the
pericardium.
Pleurisy
(PLOOR-ih-see) is inflammation of the pleura.
Peritonitis
(PER-ih-toe-NIGH-tis) is inflammation of the peritoneum.
