Chapter 1 - Part 5: Lipids

Question 1

Triglycerides

Answer 1

The fats and oils of plants and animals are typically composed of triglyceride molecules
- 3 fatty acid chains attached to one glycerol backbone

Question 2

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 2

Contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. They do not contain any double bonds or other functional groups along the chain

Saturated fatty acids form straight chains

Question 3

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 3

Contain come carbon atoms that are double bonded with each other

Unsaturated nature causes kinks in the straight chains, meaning they do not pack in closely

Question 4

Phospholipid

Answer 4

When one of the fatty acid groups of the triglycerol is replaced by a phosphate group, the molecule is known as a phospholipid

Question 5

What does a phospholipid consist of?

Answer 5

1 glycerol molecule
2 fatty acid chains
1 phosphate

Question 6

Which part of the phospholipid is polar?

Answer 6

The phosphate end is polar and hydrophilic means the fatty acid is hydrophobic

Question 7

What is the basic structure of a steroid

Answer 7

Three 6 carbon atom rings

One 5 carbon atom ring

Question 8

Where is a phospholipid, glycosidic and cholesterol found

Answer 8

1) forming a bilayer
2) projecting from plasma membrane
3) in bilayer, cell membrane and myelin sheath

Question 9

What are the 3 important functions of lipids

Answer 9

Energy storage

Structural component

Transmission of chemical signals both within and between cells (hormones)