Chapter 1 - Part 3: Carbohydrates

Question 1

Why are Carbohydrates important?

Answer 1

Both energy storage molecules and structural elements in cells and tissues

Question 2

What does each carbohydrate consist of?

Answer 2

Carbon, Hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the Ratio of 1:2:1

Question 3

Example of monosaccharide

Answer 3

Glucose and fructose

Question 4

Example of disaccharide

Answer 4

Sucrose

Question 5

Example of polysaccharide

Answer 5

Cellulose

Question 6

Monosaccharides

Answer 6

Are used as a primary energy source for feeling cellular metabolism

Generally contain 3 carbon atoms in their carbon chains

Question 7

Disaccharides

Answer 7

Are double-sugar molecules joined with a glycosidic bond

They are used as energy storage sources and as building blocks for larger molecules

Question 8

Polysaccharides - Glycogen

Answer 8

Are composed of glucose

Glycogen is the energy storage compound in animal tissues

When storage is at a maximum capacity excess glucose is converted to fat

Question 9

Polysaccharide - Starch

Answer 9

Is a polymer of glucose made up of long chains of alpha-glucose molecules
- energy storage in plants

Question 10

Polysaccharides - Cellulose

Answer 10

Is a glucose polymer. Important structural material found in plants

It is made up of many unbranched chains of beta-glucose molecules held together by glycosidic links

Question 11

What happens during condensation?

Answer 11

Monosaccharides are joined together to form disaccharides and polysaccharides

Water is released in the process

Question 12

What happens during hydrolysis

Answer 12

Compound sugars can be broken down into their constitute the monosaccharides

A water molecule provides the hydrogen and hydroxyl groups required

The reaction is catalysed by an enzyme

Question 13

What is the formula of a polymer of 4 glucose monomers

Answer 13

C24H42O21