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Psychology 121 > Chapter 1- Origins Of Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Origins Of Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology

A

A scientific study of behaviour and mental processes
Behaviour- overt actions and reactions
Mental Processes- internal, covert activity of the mind

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2
Q

4 Goals of Psych

A

Describe- what
Explain- why
Predict-when
Change

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3
Q

Structuralism

A

Sought to identify the structures or basic building blocks of mental life via introspection and to determine how these elements combine to form experiences

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4
Q

Functionalism

A

Studies how the mind functions to enable humans and other animals to adapt to their environment

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5
Q

The Psychoanalytic School

A

Believed that the unconscious contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are hidden but still influence current behaviour

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6
Q

7 Major Perspectives of Psych

A 
Psychodynamic
Behavioural
Humanistic
Cognitive
Biological
Evolutionary
Sociocultural
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7
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A

Unconscious drives, motives, conflicts, and childhood experiences

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8
Q

Behavioural Perspective

A

Objective, observable, environmental influences on overt behaviour
Stimulus- response relationships and consequences for behaviour

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9
Q

Humanistic Perspective

A

Free will, self actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth-seeking

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10
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

Thinking, perceiving, problem solving, memory, language, and information processing

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11
Q

Biological Perspective

A

Genetic and Biological processes in the brain and other parts of the nervous system

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12
Q

Evolutionary Perception

A

Natural selection, adaptation, and evolution of behaviour and mental processes

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13
Q

Sociocultural

A

Social interaction and the cultural determinants of behaviour and mental processes

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14
Q

Biopsychosocial Model

A

The unifying and integrative model views biological processes, psychological factors, and social forces as interrelated influence that interact with the seven major perspectives

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15
Q

Basic Research

A

Research conducted to advance scientific knowledge rather than for practical application
Describes, explains, and predicts

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16
Q

Applied Research

A

Research designed to solve practical problems

Change

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17
Q

Hypothesis

A

Specific, testable prediction about how one factor, or variable, is related to another

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18
Q

Operational Definition

A

Precise description of how the variables in a study will be observed and measured

19
Q

Statistical Significance

A

Statistical statement of how likely it is that a study’s result occurred merely by chance

20
Q

Respecting the Rights of Human Participant

A

Informed consent, voluntary participation, restricted use of deception and debriefing, confidentiality

21
Q

Respecting the Rights on nonhuman animal participants

A

Medical research, psychological research, gains for animals, controversy

22
Q

Respecting the rights of psychotherapy clients

A

Confidentially must be kept unless safety is an issue

23
Q

4 Goals of Psych

A

Describe- what
Explain- why
Predict-when
Change

24
Q

Structuralism

A

Sought to identify the structures or basic building blocks of mental life via introspection and to determine how these elements combine to form experiences

25
Q

Functionalism

A

Studies how the mind functions to enable humans and other animals to adapt to their environment

26
Q

The Psychoanalytic School

A

Believed that the unconscious contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are hidden but still influence current behaviour

27
Q

7 Major Perspectives of Psych

A 
Psychodynamic
Behavioural
Humanistic
Cognitive
Biological
Evolutionary
Sociocultural
28
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A

Unconscious drives, motives, conflicts, and childhood experiences

29
Q

Behavioural Perspective

A

Objective, observable, environmental influences on overt behaviour
Stimulus- response relationships and consequences for behaviour

30
Q

Humanistic Perspective

A

Free will, self actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth-seeking

31
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

Thinking, perceiving, problem solving, memory, language, and information processing

32
Q

Biological Perspective

A

Genetic and Biological processes in the brain and other parts of the nervous system

33
Q

Evolutionary Perception

A

Natural selection, adaptation, and evolution of behaviour and mental processes

34
Q

Sociocultural

A

Social interaction and the cultural determinants of behaviour and mental processes

35
Q

Biopsychosocial Model

A

The unifying and integrative model views biological processes, psychological factors, and social forces as interrelated influence that interact with the seven major perspectives

36
Q

Basic Research

A

Research conducted to advance scientific knowledge rather than for practical application
Describes, explains, and predicts

37
Q

Applied Research

A

Research designed to solve practical problems

Change

38
Q

Hypothesis

A

Specific, testable prediction about how one factor, or variable, is related to another

39
Q

Operational Definition

A

Precise description of how the variables in a study will be observed and measured

40
Q

Statistical Significance

A

Statistical statement of how likely it is that a study’s result occurred merely by chance

41
Q

Respecting the Rights of Human Participant

A

Informed consent, voluntary participation, restricted use of deception and debriefing, confidentiality

42
Q

Respecting the Rights on nonhuman animal participants

A

Medical research, psychological research, gains for animals, controversy

43
Q

Respecting the rights of psychotherapy clients

A

Confidentially must be kept unless safety is an issue

Psychology 121 (6 decks)

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