Chapter 1: Origins Of Psych

Question 1

Founder of structuralism

Answer 1

Edward Titincher

Question 2

Founder of introspective approach

Answer 2

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 3

Founder of Functional Approach

Answer 3

William James

Question 4

Founder of Psychoanalytic approach

Answer 4

Sigmund Freud

Question 5

Person 1: founder of behavioralist approach. Person 2: made behavioralist approach more popular.

Answer 5

John B. Watson (classical conditioning) and B. F. Skinner (operant conditioning)

Question 6

Person 1: founder of Gestalt movement. Person 2: expanded Gestalt movement

Answer 6

Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Köhler

Question 7

Founders of humanistic psychology

Answer 7

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

Question 8

Person 1: founder of cognitive approach, Person 2: integrated a wide range of cognitive phenomena to it

Answer 8

George A. Miller and Ulric Neisser

Question 9

Structuralist Approach

Answer 9

Focuses on breaking down the conscious mind into a “periodic table” of sorts

Question 10

Functionalist approach

Answer 10

Asks what the function of a certain behavior is. Ie. what would be the evolutionary advantage of a certain disposition.

Question 11

Psychoanalytic approach

Answer 11

Posits that unconscious conflict is the source for many psychological problems, and so in practice the psychologist brings out the unconscious by asking about the symbolism of dreams or simply letting the patient talk unguidedly.

Question 12

Behavioralist approach

Answer 12

Rejects the study of the conscious and unconscious as unscientific because they are impossible to test, and instead studies the environmental effects on observable behavior.

Question 13

Gesalt Movement

Answer 13

Views the whole of personal experience as different than the sum of its components. This leads to the idea that different individuals can experience reality differently. Another ex. of an offshoot of the Gesalt movement is seeing pictures in clouds (parts don’t describe the whole)

Question 14

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 14

Focuses on the motivation people have to make choices that will lead to happiness and fulfillment. This perspective also focuses on how people should accept themselves.

Question 15

Cognitivism

Answer 15

Focuses on the internal mental processes that influence behavior. ie. “tell me how you arrived at that decision”, or our use of language.

Question 16

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 16

Student of William James. Was the first woman to set up a psychological laboratory and the first woman president of the Psychological Association.

Question 17

Cognitive psychology/ neuroscience

Answer 17

Study attention, perception, memory, problem solving, and language, often based on the brain.

Question 18

Developmental psychology

Answer 18

Study how people change from infancy to old age.

Question 19

Personality psychology

Answer 19

Study enduring characteristics that people display over time and across circumstances.

Question 20

Social psychology

Answer 20

Study how people interact with others

Question 21

Clinical psychology

Answer 21

Study the factors that cause psychological disorders and the best methods to treat them

Question 22

Industrial/organizational psychology

Answer 22

Study issues pertaining to industry and the workplace