Ch. 3: Genetics

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

The master blueprint that provides detailed instructions for how to grow everything in the human body. Present in every cell in the human body.

Question 2

Turning off or on a gene

Answer 2

Different genes of the genome being turned on or off is what determines that a cell becomes a nose cell vs. a gall bladder cell.

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

a particular sequence of molecules along the DNA strand that specifies instructions to make a particular polypeptide

Question 4

Polypepides

Answer 4

one or more polypeptides make up a protein, and proteins are the basic structure of cells and direct their activities.

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

an organisms genetic makeup

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

the observable characteristics of the genetic makeup of an organism. Since the physical characteristics of a person are constantly changing, this means that the phenotype can change as well.

Question 7

Polygenetic

Answer 7

when a population displays a range of variability of a certain characteristic.

Question 8

Variation

Answer 8

a measure of the overall difference among a group of people for a particular trait.

Question 9

heredity

Answer 9

the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring by means of genes

Question 10

Heretibility

Answer 10

refers to the proportion of variation in some specific trait in a population– NOT in an individual, that is due to just genetics.

Question 11

female chromosome combination

Answer 11

XX

Question 12

male chromosome combination

Answer 12

XY