Chapter 1: Kinetic particle theory

Question 1

What is the chemical particle theory?

Answer 1

All matter is made of tiny particles in constant and random motion

Question 2

What properties exist in states of matter?

Answer 2

• Kinetic energy of particles
• Forces of attraction between particles
• Movement of particles
• Arrangement of particles
• Ability to be compressed

Question 3

Name the properties of particles in a solid

Answer 3

• Very low kinetic energy
• Very strong forces of attraction
• Vibrate and rotate about fixed positions
• Closely packed in an orderly manner
• Cannot be compressed as particles are very close to each other. Has a fixed volume

Question 4

Name the properties of particles in a liquid

Answer 4

• Low kinetic energy
• Strong forces of attraction
• Move freely throughout the liquid
• Disorderly, less closely packed than solid
• Cannot be compressed as particles are still packed quite closely together. Fixed volume

Question 5

Name the properties of particles in a gas

Answer 5

• High kinetic energy
• Very weak forces of attraction
• Move about rapidly in any direction
• Disorderly, very far apart
• A lot of space between particles to force them to move closer together. Can be compressed, no fixed volume

Question 6

What is diffusion?

Answer 6

The movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

• Will result in homogenous or heterogenous mixture:
  Homogenous: evenly spread (eg. air)
  Heterogenous: more layers and not equally spread (eg. sand and water)

Question 7

What is dissolving?

Answer 7

Cause a solid, liquid or gas to incorporate into a liquid to form a solution

Question 8

What affects the rate of diffusion?

Answer 8

The lighter the particles, or the more kinetic energy they possess (eg. heating) , the faster they move/diffuse

In a tube with 2 substances, the area of reaction will occur closer to the slower and heavier particles

Question 9

What is the Mr of air?

Answer 9

28

Question 10

Example question: Why can you smell perfume?

Answer 10

Tiny gas particles of perfume freely diffuse in an area from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, eventually reaching one’s nose.