Chapter 1 Key Terms

Question 1

Applied Psychology pg15

Answer 1

The branch of psychology that deals with the practical problems of everyday life.
-An example of applied psychology would be to study the relationship between anxiety and relationship helath.

Question 2

Behaviorism Pg 7

Answer 2

Is the line of thinking in psychology that states that psychology should only study observable behaviors such such as hunger or fear or arousal.

Question 3

Behavior Pg7

Answer 3

Any overt (externally manifested) or observable response or action made by an organism.

Question 4

Clinical Psychology pg 15

Answer 4

Clinical psychology is the branch of psychology focused on the diagnosis or mental illness and treatment trough therapeutic rather than physiological means.

Question 5

Cognition Pg 16

Answer 5

Cognition is the mental process involved in acquiring knowledge.
when someone sees something informative and the observer gathers useful information from it the observer is using cognition.

Question 6

Critical thinking pg38

Answer 6

the use of cognitive skills and strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome.

Question 7

Culture 29

Answer 7

refers to the widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations.

Question 8

Empiracism Pg28

Answer 8

The premise that objective knowledge is the goal and should be obtained through observation.

Question 9

Ethnocentrism Pg18

Answer 9

the tendency to view ones own group as superior to others and the standard of judging worth of foreign ways.

Question 10

Evolutionary Psychology pg 20

Answer 10

Evolutionary Psychology examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations.

Question 11

Functionalism Pg 6

Answer 11

Functionalism is the belief that that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure.

Question 12

Humanism pg 12

Answer 12

is the theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique quality of humans, especially their freedom and their potential growth.

Question 13

Introspection Pg6

Answer 13

The careful, systematic self observation of one;s own conscious experience.

Question 14

Natural Selection Pg6

Answer 14

inheritable characteristics that provide a reproductive advantage are more likely to be passed down to successive generations than hereditary characteristics that do not provide a reproductive advantage.

Question 15

Positive Psychology Pg22

Answer 15

uses theory and research that helps to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence.

Question 16

Psychiatry Pg 26

Answer 16

is the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders.

Question 17

Psychoanalytic theory pg 9

Answer 17

attempts to explain personality, motivation and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior

Question 18

Psychology Pg 23

Answer 18

Psychology is the science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and it is the profession that applies the accumulative knowledge of this science to practical problems.

Question 19

SQ3R Pg 35

Answer 19

Survey Question Read, Recite and Review.

Question 20

Stimulus Pg 7

Answer 20

Is any detectable input form the environment.

Question 21

Structuralism Pg 6

Answer 21

the notion that the task of psychology is to organize consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related.

Question 22

Testwiseness Pg 36

Answer 22

is the ability to use the characteristics and format of cognitive tests to maximize one’s own score.

Question 23

Theory Pg 28

Answer 23

Is a system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations.

Question 24

Unconscious Pg 9

Answer 24

contains the thoughts, memories and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior.