Chapter 1 Introduction to Nursing Research in an Evidence- Based Practice (EBP) Environment Flashcards
Research
Systematic inquiry using
disciplined methods to
solve problems or answer
questions
Nursing Research
Systematic inquiry to
develop knowledge about
issues of importance to
the nursing profession
Clinical Nursing Research
Designed to guide nursing
practice at the bedside
Evidence-based Practice (EBP)
Problem-solving approach that integrates best research evidence, w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences,
and a specific clinical situation
Florence Nightingale
Pioneer of statistics & founder of modern nursing
Purpose of Quality Improvement (QI) Project
Effect immediate improvement in health care delivery
Quality Improvement (QI)
Designed to sustain an improvement
Key Differences between Research, EBP, & QI
Research: Generate NEW knowledge or validate existing knowledges based on a theory
EBP: Translating the evidence & applying it to critical decision-making
QI: Focuses on improving processes or
patient outcomes. Evolves from
organizational philosophies and
quality improvement. Does NOT
require extensive literature reviews
and rigorous critical appraisal
Research Consumer
Nurses who can read and evaluate research reports
Members of a Research Team
Nurses who participate in design & production of study
Roles of Nurses in Research & EBP
Contribute an idea for a study
Gather information from those taking part in a study
Advise clients about participating in a study
Search for research evidence to address a practice problem.
Discuss the implications of a study in a journal club in a practice setting; meet to discuss
research articles.
Every nurse expected to adhere to guidelines for
scientific integrity
National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)
Conducts program of grants & awards supporting nursing research & training
Promotes health
Furthers prevention & mitigation of the effects of disease
Scientific Method
Process in which observable, verifiable data are systematically collected from
surroundings using our senses to
describe, explain, or predict events
Characteristics Unique to Scientific Method
Objectivity & Use of empirical data
Paradigm
World view or general perspective of
the world’s complexities
Positivist Paradigm
Reality exists
There is a real world driven by natural causes
Value & biases are held in check
Researcher is independent from those researched
Constructivist Paradigm
Reality is multiple and subjective
Subjectivity and values are inevitable
and desirable
Researcher interacts with those being
researched
Which type of research is often allied with the positivist tradition?
Quantitative research
Which type of research is often allied with the constructivist paradigm?
Quantitative research
Quantitative Research
Sometimes known as scientific inquiry
Requires larger sample size
Gather empirical evidence
Information is numeric
Well-developed and widely used in
nursing research
Emphasizes measurement, testing
hypotheses, and analyzing data
Uses traditional approaches, such as
experiments, questionnaires, and
surveys to gain new knowledge
Qualitative Research
Used in research of subjective
experiences
Emphasize verbal descriptions
and meaning of the lived
experience for the individual
Flexible; typically undertaken in
naturalistic settings
Uses participant observation, in-
depth interviews, case studies,
and ethnographies to gain new
knowledge
Mixed-Method Research
Uses both quantitative & qualitative research
Quantitative or Qualitative: Demographic factors that contribute to risk-taking behaviors in low-income adolescents
Quantitative
Quantitative or Qualitative: What is it like for women to experience physical abuse?
Qualitative
Stetler Model of Research Model
Utilization to promote evidence-based practice
John Hopkins EBP Research Model
Used to ensure that the latest research
findings/best practices are quickly and
appropriately incorporated into patient
care
Iowa Model of EBP
Uses evidence-based practice to promote quality care
Knowledge-focused Triggers
Begins w/ an innovation or research finding (might emerge from a journal)
Problem-focused Triggers
Begins w/ perplexing or troubling clinical situation
Major Steps in EBP
1) Ask questions that reflect uncertainties in clinical practice
2) Search for and assemble evidence
3) Appraise & synthesize evidence
4) Integrate evidence w/other sources
5) Assess effectiveness of decision or evidence
PICOT Question
Population : Patient population or condition
Intervention (influence, exposure, issue)
Comparison (not always specified)
Outcome: desired outcomes
Time: time frame, type of study (not always specified)
Research Classification for Varying Levels of Explanation for Research & EBP-Related Purposes
Identification: What is this phenomenon? What is its name? (Qual)
Description: How prevalent is this phenomenon? (Quan) What are the dimensions or characteristics of the phenomenon? (Qual)
Exploration: What factors are related to the phenomenon? (Quan) What is the full nature of the phenomenon? (Qual)
Prediction/control: If phenomenon X occurs, will phenomenon Y follow? Can the phenomenon be prevented? (Quan)
Explanation: What is the underlying cause of the phenomenon? (Quan) What does the phenomenon mean? (Qual)
Questions for a Preliminary Overview of a Research Report
1) How relevant is the research problem to the practice of nursing?
2) Was the study quantitative or qualitative?
3) What was the underlying purpose (or purposes) of the study: Therapy/intervention, Diagnosis/Assessment, Prognosis, Etiology/harm, Description, or Meaning?
4) What might be some clinical implications of this research? To what type of people and settings is this research more relevant? If the findings were accurate, how might/ use the results of this study?
